Table 1 Survey period and level of restrictions per country
Active survey period | Lockdown periods | Level of restrictions during lockdown | |
|---|---|---|---|
Italy | 30 March – 30 September 2021 | First Lockdown: 9 March – 18 May 2020, then variation across regions according to the risk based on the surveillance system data | They varied depending on the Italian region. The first lockdown was very restrictive, with schools being closed and all the other non-essential activities as well. |
Spain | 30 March – 1 May 2021 | First lockdown: 14 March – 21 June 2020 Restrictions between 25 October 2020–9 May 2021 | Schools and universities closed, many professions working from home, limited access to Face-to-Face attendance in Primary Care. |
Sweden | 26 November 2021–12 May 2022 | No lockdown, variable recommendations and restrictions between 10 March 2020 and 9 February 2022 | Restrictions and recommendations according to the level of infection, stated by the government. Elementary schools stayed open, but for universities distance learning was recommended and large gatherings were prohibited. No outdoor activity restrictions and shops stayed open. Social distancing recommended. |
The Netherlands | 19 October – 19 December 2020 and 16 January – 16 February 2021 | First lockdown: 23 March – 1 June 2020 Second lockdown: 15 December 2020–16 February 2021 Variable restrictions between lockdowns and until March 2022 | Schools were closed, contact professions were prohibited, no group formation, social distancing. |
United Kingdom | 7 May – 23 June 2020 | First lockdown: 7 May – 23 June 2020 Second lockdown: 5 November – 2 December 2020 Third lockdown: 6 January – 29 March 2021 Variable restrictions between lockdowns and after the third lockdown until 18th March 2022 | Schools were closed, non-essential shops closed, contact professions prohibited, outdoor activity restricted to 30 min exercise a day. |