Fig. 2

Results from multi-level effects linear regression models for the association between individual COVID-19 containment policies and relative service volumes. Associations between individual COVID-19 containment and closure policies were assessed. Each of the 11 containment policies were added separately to regression models with same fixed and random effects structure described. The model included COVID-19 cases as the COVID-19 cases per million monthly in each country, service type categories for service volume (1) reproductive, maternal, or newborn, (2) service use overall and injuries, (3) child health services, (4) antiretroviral therapy and (5) chronic diseases), GDP as GDP per capita, rescaled to a factor of 1000. The public information campaigns policy, collected by OxCGRT, was excluded as the policy was always in place in all countries over the study period