Mental distress of physicians in the outpatient care throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: emotional and supportive human relations matter – Cross-sectional results of the VOICE-study

Table 2 Perceived burden of POC and PIC T1/T2 and comparison POC T1/T2

Variable of interest	POC Mean T1 N = 536	PIC Mean T1 N = 262	P (T-Test)	Cohen´s d	POC Mean T2 N = 312	POC/PIC T2	PIC Mean T2 N = 196	P (T-Test)	Cohen`s d	POCT1/T2	P (T-Test)	Cohen´s d
Current Burden	1.42	1.26	.034	1.035	1.85	>	1.45	< .001*	.934	<	< .001*	.976
Burden before Covid	.61	.63	.726	.888	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
PHQ-2	1.58	1.34	.027	1.394	2.30	>	1.57	< .001*	1.648	<	< .001*	1.580
> Cut off clinical Depression %	19.0	16.5	.393	.031 (CV)	36.1	>	21.3	< .001*	.163 (CV)	<	< .001*	.187 (CV)
GAD-2	1.68	1.43	.028	1.526	2.28	>	1.52	< 001*	1.745	<	< .001*	1.700
> Cut off clinical Anxiety in %	25.5	20.1	.101	.060 (CV)	36.8	>	24.0	< .001*	.139 (CV)	<	< .001*	.120 (CV)
Work family conflict (WFC)	10.25	10.42	.630	4.428	12.23	>	10.88	< .001*	4.170	<	< .001*	4.311

^* = significance after Bonferoni-Correction: (p < = .05/15) = .003, cut off (PHQ-2, GAD-2) for clinically relevant depression/anxiety > = 3, CV = Cramer`s V, GAD-2 = separate module of the PHQ-4 (=(Patient Health Questionnaire) assessing anxiety, PHQ-2 = separate module of the PHQ-4 (= Patient Health Questionnaire) assessing depression, POC Physicians in the outpatient care, PIC Physicians in the inpatient care, QoL Quality of Life, T1 timepoint one of survey, T2 timepoint two of survey, “- “: not analyzed at T2, “ > “ = significant decrease, “ < “ = significant increase

ISSN: 1472-6963