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Table 2 Overview of patient population and patient characteristics

From: Evidence requirements of permanently listed digital health applications (DiGA) and their implementation in the German DiGA directory: an analysis

DiGA

Patient population

Patient characteristics

 

Gender

Age

Gender

Age

Education and/or employment status

   

IG

CG

IG

CG

IG

CG

Deprexis

Study 1 [17]

m / f

18-65 years

f=58 (74.4 %)

m=20 (25.6 %)

f=64 (75.3 %)

m=21 (24.7 %)

M=44 (11.02)

M=40 (11.48)

Educational status:

Lower secondary=4 (5.1 %)

Middle secondary=23 (29.5 %)

Higher secondary=14 (17.9 %)

Highest secondary=37 (47.4 %)

Employment status:

Full time=38 (48.7 %)

Regular part-time=9 (11.5 %)

Not working=31 (39.7 %)

Educational status:

Lower secondary=3 (3.5 %)

Middle secondary=14 (16.5 %)

Higher secondary=12 (14.1 %)

Highest secondary=53 (62.4 %)

Employment status:

Full time=31 (36.5 %)

Regular part-time=16 (18.8 %)

Not working=38 (44.7 %)

Study 2 [18]

m / f

18-65 years

f=350 (68.8 %)

m=159 (31.2 %)

f=345 (68.5 %)

m=159 (31.5 %)

M=42.8 (11.0)

M=42.9 (11.0)

Educational status:

Not yet completed=2 (0.4 %)

No degree=1 (0.2 %)

Lower secondary school=29 (5.7 %)

Middle secondary school=131 (25.8 %)

Higher secondary school qualifying for

university of applied science=87 (17.1 %)

Higher secondary school qualifying for

university=249 (48.9 %)

Other=10 (2.0 %)

Employment status:

Full time=220 (43.3 %)

Part time=117 (23.0 %)

Educational status:

Not yet completed=0 (0.0 %)

No degree=0 (0.0 %)

Lower secondary school=24 (4.8 %)

Middle secondary school=112 (22.2%)

Higher secondary school qualifying for university of applied science=85 (16.8 %)

Higher secondary school qualifying for university=271 (53.8%)

Other=12 (2.4 %)

Employment status:

Full time=214 (42.4 %)

Part time=114 (22.6 %)

Elevida [19]

m / f

≥18 years

f=114 (82.0 %)

m=25 (18 %)

f=108 (79 %)

m=28 (21 %)

M=40.8 (11.1)

M=41.9 (9.4)

Employment status:

Full-time/part-time=71 (51 %)

Housemaker/student/other=13 (9 %)

Unemployed/unable to work/retired= 55 (40 %)

Employment status:

Full-time/part-time=64 (47 %)

Housemaker/student/other=11 (8 %)

Unemployed/unable to work/retired=61 (45 %)

Hello Better Diabetes and Depression [20, 21]

m / f

≥18 years

f=81 (63.3%)

m=47 (36.7 %)

f=79 (62.7%)

m=47 (37.3 %)

M=50.2 (11.6)

M=51.3 (11.9)

Educational status:

Low=19 (14.8 %)

Middle=76 (59.4 %)

High=32 (25.0 %)

Employment status:

Employed=77 (60.2 %)

Educational status:

Low=17 (13.5 %)

Middle=64 (50.8 %)

High=45 (35.7 %)

Employment status:

Employed=79 (62.7 %)

Hello Better Panik [22, 23]

m / f

>18 years

f=27 (60 %)

m=18 (40 %)

f=24 (51.1 %)

m=23 (48.9 %)

M=39.33 (10.83)

M=37.43 (10.03)

Educational status:

Low=3 (6.7 %)

Middle=11 (24.4 %)

High=31 (68.9 %)

Employment status:

Full-time=27 (60.0 %)

Part-time=15 (33.3 %)

Not employed=3 (6.7 %)

Unemployed=0

Currently sick=0

Educational status:

Low=4 (8.5 %)

Middle=14 (29.8 %)

High=29 (61.7 %)

Employment status:

Full-time=25 (53.2 %)

Part-time=15 (31.9 %)

Not employed=3 (6.4 %)

Unemployed=1 (2.1 %)

Currently sick=3 (6.4 %)

Hello Better Stress and Burnout [24, 25]

m / f

≥18 years

f=97 (73.5 %)

m=35 (26.5 %)

f=96 (72.7 %)

m=36 (27.3 %)

M=42.4 (10.7)

M=44.2 (9.6)

Educational status:

Low=3 (2.3 %)

Middle=25 (18.9 %)

High=104 (78.8 %)

Employment status:

Full-time=105 (79.5 %)

Part-time=25 (18.9 %)

Currently sick=2 (1.5 %)

Educational status:

Low=2 (1.5 %)

Middle=31 (23.5 %)

High=99 (75.0 %)

Employment status:

Full-time=99 (75.0 %)

Part-time=32 (24.2 %)

Currently sick=1 (0.8 %)

Hello Better Vaginismus Plus [26, 27]

f

≥18 years

f=100 (100 %)

m=0

f=100 (100 %)

m=0

M=29.46 (9.82)

M=28.04 (7.84)

Educational status:

Low=0 (0.00 %)

Middle=42 (42.00 %)

High=58 (58.00 %)

Educational status:

Low=4 (4.00 %)

Middle=47 (47.00 %)

High=49 (49.00 %)

Kalmeda [28]

m / f

≥18 years

f= 49 (52.1%)

m=45 (47.9%)

f=41 (44.1%)

m=52 (55.9%)

M=48.1 (12.8)

M= 48.4 (12.2)

n.r.

n.r.

Selfapy Depression [29]

m / f

18-65 years

IG1:

f=126 (83.4 %)

m=25 (16.6 %)

IG2:

f=126 (84.0 %)

m=24 (16.0 %)

f=81 (81.0 %)

m=19 (19.0 %)

IG1:

M=38 (10.7)

IG2:

M=37 (10.8)

M=36 (11.9)

Employment status:

Employee: IG 1=82 (54.3 %), IG2=86 (57.3 %)

Self-employed: IG1=3 (2.0 %), IG2=4 (2.7 %)

Trainee: IG1=12 (7.9 %), IG2=6 (4.0 %)

Other: IG1=7 (4.6 %), IG2=3 (2.0 %)

Not reported: IG1=47 (31.3 %), IG2=51 (34.0 %)

Employment status:

Employee=57 (57.0 %)

Self-employed=2 (2.0 %)

Trainee=25 (25.0 %)

Other=14 (14.0 %)

Not reported=2 (2.0 %)

Somnio [30]

m / f

≥18 years

f=21 (72 %)

m=8 (28 %)

f=18 (67 %)

m=9 (33 %)

M=41.72 (17.31)

M=44.04 (20.05)

Educational status:

Obligatory school=1 (3 %)

Basic apprenticeship=3 (10 %)

Higher apprenticeship=6 (21 %)

College=5 (17 %)

University=11 (38 %)

Other=3 (10 %)

Employment status:

Self-employed=3 (10 %)

Employee=17 (59 %)

Retired=4 (14 %)

Housewife/man=1 (3 %)

Unemployed=2 (7 %)

Other=2 (7 %)

Educational status:

Obligatory school=2 (7 %)

Basic apprenticeship=5 (19 %)

Higher apprenticeship=1 (4 %)

College=4 (15 %)

University=11 (41 %)

Other=4 (15 %)

Employment status:

Self-employed=3 (11 %)

Employee=13 (48 %)

Retired=4 (15 %)

Housewife/man=2 (7 %)

Unemployed=3 (11 %)

Other=2 (7 %)

Velibra [31]

m / f

≥18 years

f=48 (69 %)

m=22 (31 %)

f=50 (72 %)

m=19 (28 %)

M=42.1 (12.2)

M=41.8 (12.2)

Educational status:

Compulsory school=5 (7 %)

Apprenticeship=32 (46 %)

College=9 (13 %)

University=24 (34 %)

Employment status:

Full-time paid work=22 (31 %)

Part-time paid work=21 (30 %)

Unemployed =13(19 %)

At-home parent=2 (3 %)

Student=2 (3 %)

Retired=10 (14 %)

Educational status:

Compulsory school=4 (6 %)

Apprenticeship=25 (36 %)

College=10 (14 %)

University=30 (43 %)

Employment status:

Full-time paid work=27 (39 %)

Part-time paid work=13 (19 %)

Unemployed=11 (16 %)

At-home parent=3 (4 %)

Student=5 (7 %)

Retired=10 (15 %)

Vivira [32]

m / f

≥18 years

No data published yet

Vorvida [33]

m / f

≥18 years

f=170 (56 %)

m=136 (44 %)

f=149 (49 %)

m=153 (51 %)

M=40.4 (11.2)

M=40.7 (12.1)

Educational status:

Apprenticeship/technical school=203 (66.3 %)

University/college=78 (25.5 %)

No vocational training=17 (5.6 %)

Other=8 (2.6 %)

Employment status:

Employed=236 (77.1 %)

Not employed=45 (14.7 %)

Learning=15 (4.9 %)

Other=10 (3.3 %)

Educational status:

Apprenticeship/technical school=185 (61.3 %)

University/college=97 (32.1 %)

No vocational training=18 (6.0 %

Other=2 (0.7 %)

Employment status:

Employed=239 (79.1 %)

Not employed=41 (13.6 %)

Learning=20 (6.6 %)

Other=2 (0.7 %)

Zanadio [34]

m / f

18-65 years

f=n.r

m=7

f=n.r.

m=6

No data published yet

  1. DiGA Digital health application, IG Intervention group, CG Control group, m Male, f Female, M (SD) Mean (standard deviation)