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Table 1 Descriptive statistics (2010)

From: Relationship between changes in the public health nurses’ workforce and the empirical Bayes estimates of standardized mortality ratio: a longitudinal ecological study of municipalities in Japan

 

All municipalities

Population < 10,000

Population ≥ 10,000

Cohen's d

(n = 1601)

(n = 470)

(n = 1131)

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

EBSMRs in males

 All causes of death

101.0

(8.7)

101.9

(9.0)

100.6

(8.5)

0.15

 Malignant neoplasms

98.7

(8.8)

99.0

(10.0)

98.5

(8.2)

0.06

 Heart disease

102.1

(16.9)

102.7

(18.6)

101.8

(16.1)

0.05

 Cerebrovascular disease

103.4

(21.0)

103.8

(23.0)

103.3

(20.1)

0.03

EBSMRs in females

 All causes of death

99.6

(9.2)

98.6

(10.7)

100.0

(8.4)

-0.15

 Malignant neoplasms

95.6

(9.3)

93.8

(11.4)

96.4

(8.1)

-0.28

 Heart disease

101.2

(17.0)

99.6

(19.5)

101.9

(15.9)

-0.14

 Cerebrovascular disease

102.9

(22.3)

100.8

(24.8)

103.8

(21.1)

-0.14

CDRs in males

 All causes of deatha

3216.4

(960.6)

3975.5

(967.1)

2901.0

(761.0)

1.30

 Malignant neoplasmsa

1014.3

(296.3)

1223.7

(361.7)

927.3

(210.2)

1.12

 Heart diseasea

460.8

(184.2)

563.3

(237.0)

418.1

(136.1)

0.84

 Cerebrovascular diseasea

317.7

(151.6)

391.8

(211.0)

286.9

(104.1)

0.73

CDRs in females

 All causes of deatha

2983.1

(1017.4)

3675.1

(1103.4)

2695.5

(823.7)

1.07

 Malignant neoplasmsa

665.7

(207.1)

770.1

(268.3)

622.3

(156.3)

0.75

 Heart diseasea

551.3

(245.8)

680.2

(318.1)

497.7

(183.7)

0.79

 Cerebrovascular diseasea

354.9

(172.6)

428.7

(227.6)

324.2

(132.1)

0.63

The number of healthcare resources

 PHNsa

43.2

(41.8)

84.8

(55.2)

25.9

(13.5)

1.84

  Full-time PHNsa

41.9

(41.4)

82.7

(55.2)

24.9

(13.4)

1.81

  Part-time PHNsa

1.3

(4.0)

2.1

(6.8)

1.0

(1.8)

0.28

 Physiciansa

144.2

(141.2)

86.0

(66.7)

168.4

(156.2)

-0.61

 Medical clinicsa

73.0

(49.1)

87.4

(83.4)

67.0

(20.1)

0.42

 General hospitals in a secondary healthcare areaa

7.2

(3.5)

8.2

(3.7)

6.8

(3.3)

0.41

 Welfare facilities for the elderly requiring long-term carea

9.5

(10.5)

16.6

(16.3)

6.5

(4.1)

1.06

 Population

44,299.2

(57,711.8)

5093.0

(2627.7)

60,591.8

(61,709.6)

-1.07

  1. CDR, crude death rate; EBSMR, empirical Bayes estimate of standardized mortality ratio; PHN, public health nurse
  2. a Per 100,000 population
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