Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
Author, Year | Country of origin | Study design | Research aim/objectives/ questions | Patient population | Clinical setting and type | Clinician characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andreasson et al., 2017 [66] (Protocol) | Denmark | Experimental | -Investigate if a safety planning tool delivered as an app, compared to a safety plan delivered by paper, can reduce suicide ideation after 12 months of intervention in patients referred to Suicide Prevention Clinics | Patients from Suicide Prevention Clinics | Seven Suicide Prevention Clinics and their satellite sites. Patients are typically referred to the clinics from somatic and psychiatric EDs after a self-harm episode Out-patient | Clinicians working at the Suicide Prevention Clinics |
Bailey et al., 2020 [67] | Australia | Experimental | -Evaluate the safety, feasibility, and acceptability of a MOST intervention (“Affinity”) among a sample of young people who were receiving treatment for major depressive disorder and had also experienced past-four-week suicidal ideation. -Explore changes in cognitive and interpersonal targets of the Affinity intervention, as well as changes in self-reported depression and suicidal ideation | Patients with suicidal ideation within the past four weeks | The Youth Mood Clinic (YMC), a tertiary-level outpatient mental health service that is part of Orygen, a state government-funded youth mental health service in Melbourne, Australia. YMC specialises in the treatment of young people with complex depression Out-patient | Youth mental health clinicians from the youth mood clinic and treating clinicians and Affinity staff |
Berrouiguet and Alavi et al., 2014 [61] (Protocol) HUGOPSYNetwork et al., 2018 [68] | France | Experimental *Only reported descriptive results on selected cases | -Determine whether the receipt of a text message sent regularly over a six-month period can reduce suicidal and self-harming behaviour among suicide attempters -Identify cases of patients recruited in the SIAM study that may demonstrate the capability of a mobile-based brief contact intervention for triggering patient -Initiated contact with a crisis support team at various time points throughout the mobile-based follow-up period | Patients who attempted suicide | Psychiatric EDs and psychiatric units. Public funded specialist mental health services for adults (Brest, Rennes, Nantes, Lille, Angers, Tours, Vannes) Mixture | Psychiatrist, general physician |
Berrouiguet and Gravey et al., 2014 [105] | France | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Assess the technical feasibility of an automated and tailored text messaging tool in a sample of suicidal patients. -Assess the patient's acceptability of such intervention through a phone interview | Patients who attempted suicide | Psychiatric ED Out-patient | Psychiatrist, general physician |
Betz et al., 2020 [106] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Test the feasibility and acceptability of Lock to Live (L2L) among suicidal adults in EDs | Patients with identified suicide risk | 4 large EDs in Colorado: A tertiary care academic center, an urban safety net hospital, and a regional medical center with 2 EDs in a geographic region with firearm ownership rates that are higher than state averages. All EDs had 24/7 coverage by behavioral health specialists Out-patient | Not reported |
Brand and Hawton, 2021[107] | United Kingdom | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Ascertain the usefulness for patients and clinicians of a digital self-monitoring system alongside outpatient follow-up after patients had presented to a general hospital with self-harm | Patients with self-harm | A large general hospital in Oxford, England. The Emergency Department Psychiatric Service (EDPS) is based in a large general teaching hospital and offers psychosocial assessment to anyone aged over 13 years who presents to a hospital ED following an episode of self-harm or any other mental health issue Out-patient | Five nurses in the EDPS team |
Bruen et al., 2020 [108] | United Kingdom | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Report the practicalities and acceptability of setting up and trialling digital technologies within an inpatient mental health setting in the United Kingdom and to highlight the implications of these for future studies | Services users from acute adult mental health wards | 6 National Health Service acute mental health wards in Northwest United Kingdom In-patient | Not reported |
Bush et al., 2015 [109] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | Research questions:-Can a smartphone app be developed that contains the essential elements of a hope box and associated elements of CT/DBT in a package acceptable to and usable by military service members and veterans? -Is the VHB app as usable, acceptable, convenient, and ostensibly useful as a conventional hope box to a clinical sample of service veterans at high risk of self-harm and suicide and their providers? | High-risk of self-harm veterans who either had borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, treatment refractory depression, or PTSD | Large, regional Veteran Administration (VA) behavioral health clinic Out-patient | 6 Clinical social workers and one clinical psychologist, with a mean of 7.9 years (range 1–16 years) in practice |
Bush et al., 2017 [69] | United States | Experimental | -Assess the primary impact of Virtual Hope Box (VHB) on stress coping skills over 12 weeks, the secondary impact of VHB on suicidal ideation and reasons for living, the use of VHB for addressing emotional dis-equilibrium away from the clinic, and the patient experience of VHB through objective usage patterns and self-reported usability and perceived benefits | Veterans who currently expressing suicidal ideation or had expressed suicidal ideation within the three months before recruitment | 13 Treatment programs within Veteran Mental Health Care (Outpatient—Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System) Out-patient | Behavioral health clinicians |
Buus et al., 2020 [100] | Denmark | Qualitative | -Explore different stakeholder perspectives on the MYPLAN app for suicide prevention safety planning | Young and adult users with variations in psychosocial problems | Clinics that offer short-term, specialized psychosocial therapy to patients at risk of suicide Out-patient | Clinicians with median age of 46 (range: 37–60). Female: n = 9 Male: n = 1 |
Cassola et al., 2017 [110] (Protocol) | Portugal | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Understand the health professional’s satisfaction on the use of the platform for depression and suicidality | Patients with depression and suicidality | Primary health care setting Out-patient | 18 Primary care health professionals |
Cebrià 2013 [70] | Spain | Experimental | -Determine the effectiveness of this specific telephone management on patients | Patients who attempted suicide | Emergency room of Corporacio ́Sanitaria Parc Taulı ́(CSPT) that covers an area of 400,000 inhabitants and provides urgent medical attention for all suicidal behaviours Out-patient | Nurse |
Chen et al., 2010 [111] | Canada | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Determine whether a mobile telephone message intervention would be acceptable to suicide attempters -Explore the operational procedures of this intervention to help determine the appropriate content of supportive messages -Test the feasibility of cell-phone message interventions | Patients who attempted suicide | EDs of two general hospitals, Tongji Hospital and Union Hospital, in Wuhan, China Out-patient | Nurses and psychologists |
Chen et al., 2018 [88] | United States | Observational | -Describe usage of specific app subcomponents and to determine if specific demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with higher or lower overall use of the VHB -Explore the association between usage of the VHB and psychosocial outcomes | Patients with recent or ongoing suicidal ideation and were engaged in active mental health treatment | 13 Clinical programs at a large, north-western Veterans Health Administration hospital Out-patient | Not reported |
Comtois et al., 2019 [71] | United States | Experimental | -Test the effectiveness of augmenting standard military health care with Caring Contacts delivered via text message to reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors over 12 months | Patients with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt | 3 Military installations: an Army base in the southern United States, a Marine Corps base and air stations in the southern United States, and a Marine Corps base in the western United States Out-patient | Licensed masters level mental health clinicians, who were called continuity clinicians and credentialed as behavioural health clinicians |
Czyz et al., 2021 [113] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Investigate the feasibility and acceptability of SMART study procedures, including the sequencing of intervention components | Patients with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt | In-patient psychiatric unit In-patient | A total of 3 masters level training in psychology or social work (Counselors) |
Czyz et al., 2020 [112] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Describe the process of development and report on the feasibility and acceptability of the text-based intervention as a continuity of care strategy promoting coping and safety plan use following discharge | Patients with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt | Adolescent mental health hospital Undetermined | Not reported |
Davis et al., 2021[89] | United States | Observational | -Describe levels of adolescent suicide risk detected via depression screening in a large primary care network-Understand fidelity to the system’s suicide risk assessment procedures Examine follow-up for adolescents at-risk for suicidality in the year after risk was detected | Patients with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt | A large pediatric healthcare facility Mixture | Not reported |
Depp et al., 2021[114] (Protocol) | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Refine intervention content and safety protocol with input from community stakeholders. -Evaluate feasibility, engagement, impact, and preliminary comparison of START with Mobile Augmentation versus START alone | Patients with DSM-5 of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia and having suicidal ideation | Public mental health system (Walk-in or same-day clinics) in San Diego, California Out-patient | A triage provider (typically a social worker) |
Dimeff et al., 2020 [116] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial TMF: User-centered design principles | -Design, develop, and evaluate the feasibility of “Dr. Dave” and the Virtual CAMS system, including electronic “Caring Contacts,” for suicidal patients in EDs, as well as a provider-facing clinical decision support tool to aid in discharge disposition to reduce unnecessary hospitalization | Patients with identified acute suicide risk | EDs and 3 private outpatient specialty clinics Mixture | 21 Medical providers |
Dimeff et al., 2021 [115] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Examine the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of Jaspr Health for adults who were acutely suicidal in the ED | Patients with suicide attempt and/or a lifetime history of engaging in non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors | 2 EDs from large health systems in Midwest US. Each ED offered 24/7 psychiatric care offered by behavioral health providers Out-patient | Behavioural health providers, masters level social workers and physician, psychiatrist and psychiatric nurse practitioner |
Duhem et al., 2018 [72] (Protocol) | France | Experimental | -Implement an adaptive recontact system that smoothly and effectively combines surveillance and different types of Brief Contact Interventions that fit each patient’s specific needs.-Optimise the care management of patients discharged from the hospital after a suicide attempt by providing health stakeholders with standardised tools, effective skills and specialised literacy -Offer professionals involved in the follow-up of suicide attempters a readily available alert network to improve their coordination and reactivity in case of new suicidal crises | Patients who attempted suicide | A total of 28 Centres in Nord–Pas-de-Calais region: EDs, psychiatry crisis centres, psychiatry departments, and private clinics Mixture | Coordination team, and a call team consisting of 3 psychologists and 3 psychiatric nurses |
Etter et al., 2018 [90] | United States | Observational | -Assess the use of a computerized clinical decision support system (CDSS) to screen adolescents for suicide risk, deliver follow-up recommendations to the provider, and document actual provider follow-up actions in a primary care setting | Patients who presented to pediatric primary care clinic for an annual or sick visit | Federally qualified health center clinics that utilize Child Health Improvement through Computer Automation (CHICA) and are part of an urban, Midwest County hospital system (Eskenazi Health) Out-patient | Physicians were primarily trained in pediatrics, family medicine, and combined internal medicine and pediatrics, with some having completed subspecialty fellowship training in adolescent medicine |
Fossi Djembi et al., 2020 [91] | France | Observational | -Test the hypothesis of a correlation between the decrease of SA rate and the amount of coverage of VigilanS | Patients who attempted suicide | 21 hospitals (EDs) in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region Out-patient | Mental health care professionals specially trained in suicidal crisis management |
Fossi et al., 2021[92] | France | Observational | -Describe the characteristics of the patients, to estimate the mean time between suicidal iterations, and to identify the profiles of patients who had a suicide reattempt compared to other patients | Patients who attempted suicide | Emergency Department in regional France Out-patient | Not reported |
Goodman et al., 2020 [73] (Protocol) | United States | Experimental | -Examine if Veterans who are at high-risk for suicide will benefit from the novel group intervention, PLF, compared to Veterans who receive TAU (e.g., individual safety planning) | Patients with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt | Multiple sites of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in New York and Philadelphia Out-patient | 2 Therapists |
Gregory et al., 2017 [93] | Canada | Observational | -Examine whether or not we could effectively integrate smartphone-based safety planning into the discharge process on a child and adolescent inpatient psychiatry unit | Patients discharged from the child and adolescent psychiatry inpatient unit | The child and adolescent psychiatry inpatient unit at London (Ontario) Health Sciences Centre In-patient | Unit staff (either nurses or child and youth counsellors) |
Grist et al., 2018 [101] | United Kingdom | Qualitative | -Explore the acceptability, usability, and safety of BlueIce with young people aged 12–17 years who are self-harming and attending child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) | Patients with self-harm | CAMHS provided by Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust. The Trust provides mental healthcare for children and young people in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Swindon, Wiltshire, and Bath and North-East Somerset Out-patient | 37 clinicians |
Gros et al., 2011 [103] | United States | Case study | -The case report concerns a US veteran of the Afghanistan war with PTSD, who developed severe suicidal ideation | One patient (case report) -45yrs old -PTSD -Suicidal ideation-African American -Male-Veteran -Lived in trailer with two adult children -Divorced | Hospital in South-east US Out-patient | 2 Therapists |
Hatcher et al., 2020 [74] (Protocol) | Canada | Experimental | -Evaluate the relationship between the amount of smartphone-assisted problem-solving therapy (PST) and suicidal ideas in men over a 1-year period | Patients with self-harm | 10 Sites from the department of psychiatry and department of emergency medicine in Ontario, Canada Mixture | Not reported |
Hetrick et al., 2017 [117] | Australia | Pilot/Feasibility trial | Research Questions:-Whether the online depression and suicidal ideation monitoring tool was feasible in terms of improving monitoring, -How acceptable and useful the tool was for clinicians and clients, and -Whether a refined (shorter) tool could be implemented | Patients with depressive symptoms or a depressive disorder | One primary, two enhanced primary care, and one tertiary care setting in Victoria. In the primary care setting within a routine general practice, mental health care was provided to clients of all ages. The tertiary care setting was a public mental health service (Orygen Youth Health) for young people aged 15–24 years Out-patient | Clinicians from a range of backgrounds including clinical psychologists and other allied health professionals |
Hill et al., 2020 [118] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial TMF: Proctor ‘s Implementation Outcomes Framework | -Evaluate whether use of the Safety Planning Assistant resulted in high quality, completed safety plans in a timely manner and to evaluate participant satisfaction with the Safety Planning Assistant and participant completion of the intervention modules | Patients with identified suicide risk | Pediatric hospital in major metropolitan area Out-patient | Social worker |
Jeong et al., 2020 [119] | Korea | Pilot/Feasibility trial TMF: Theory of Planned Behaviour | -Develop and evaluate a safety plan mobile app based on the TPB for adolescent suicide attempt survivors (study 1) -Evaluate its effectiveness for target users (study 2) | Patients who attempted suicide | A mental health promotion center in Seoul Mixture | Study 1: 6 healthcare professionals who all worked in an emergency or psychiatry department. They all were involved in treatment, nursing, or consultation of adolescent suicide attempt survivors |
Jerant et al., 2020 [75] | United States | Experimental | -Examine the effect of Men and Providers Preventing Suicide (MAPS) on discussion of suicide during primary care clinician visits by middle-aged men with recent active suicidal thoughts. -Explore moderation of the program’s effects by the presence of suicide preparatory behaviours, a risk marker for suicide | Men who were assigned to the panel primary care clinician | Primary care offices in Sacramento (California) area Out-patient | 32 Primary care clinicians: 21 (65%) were family physicians and 11 (35%) were general internists; they had practiced on aver-age for 8 years (range 1–22); their mean age was 44 (range 29–61); 21 (65%) were female; 19 (59%) were non-Hispanic White, 7 (22%) non-Hispanic Other race, and 5 (26%) Hispanic |
Kasckow et al., 2015 [76] | United States | Experimental | -Test the hypothesis that use of the telehealth system would result in a greater reduction in both suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms on standardized measures following discharge from an inpatient service, relative to a group that received only Usual Care. -Assess feasibility of telehealth monitoring for suicidal behavior in this population | Veterans with recent suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt and a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder | Veterans Affairs in Pittsburgh Out-patient | Nurses |
Kasckow et al., 2016 [120] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Test the feasibility of the telehealth monitoring intervention for suicidal behavior in this population of Veterans with schizophrenia or schizoaffective dis-order-Assess with a random assignment trial, whether augmentation of intensive care monitoring (ICM) with our intervention would result in a significant reduction in suicidal ideation relative to a group that received only ICM | Admitted patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia/ schizoaffective disorder and recent suicidal ideation | Inpatient psychiatric unit, Veterans Affairs In-patient | Nurses |
Kennard et al., 2018 [121] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -To report on a pilot study of an inpatient intervention for suicidal adolescents, As Safe as Possible [ASAP], supported by a smartphone app [BRITE] to reduce post-discharge suicide attempts | Patients with suicidal ideation, intent and/or a recent suicide attempt | Psychiatric inpatient units at two academic medical centers In-patient | A total of 5 therapist who had at least master’s level training in psychology/counseling or were enrolled in a clinical psychology doctoral program |
Kleiman et al., 2019 [122] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Examine whether participants would wear the monitor the majority of each day over the course of multiple days.-Investigate whether participants would interact with the monitor (i.e., use the self-initiated button press). -Investigate what participants liked (or disliked) about wearing the monitor | Admitted patients with severe suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or non-suicidal self-injury | Psychiatric inpatient units at two academic medical centers in New Jersey In-patient | Not reported |
Kodama et al., 2016 [123] | Japan | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Identify whether suicide interventions sent via mobile phone text messaging technologies is feasible in changing help-seeking and self-harming behaviours | Patients with a mental disorder and suicidal ideation | University hospital, a psychiatric hospital in Hyogo Prefecture, 3 medical center hospitals in Kobe City, a private psychiatric hospital, and 3 psychiatric clinics in Kobe City Out-patient | Psychiatrists |
Kolva et al., 2020 [94] | United States | Observational | -Discuss an approach to preserve patient safety while optimizing delivery of an online survey of suicidality in cancer survivors seeking psychological care | Patients from outpatient psycho‐oncology comprehensive cancer center | Outpatient psycho-oncology clinic Out-patient | Psycho‐oncology provider |
Kroll et al., 2020 [95] | United States | Observational | -Determine whether continuous virtual monitoring, an intervention that facilitates patient observation through video technology, can be used to monitor suicide risk in the general hospital and ED | Patient who received a psychiatric consultation and required suicide precautions | An academic tertiary adult hospital (Boston, Massachusetts) with 793 licensed inpatient beds Mixture | Nurses and psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees |
Lawrence et al., 2010 [96] | United States | Observational | -Implement routine self-administered computerized screening for suicidal ideation linked to automated activation of a response team in two high volume, urban HIV clinics-Identify factors associated with self-reported suicidal ideation as determined by computerized screening in a contemporary sample of HIV-infected individuals | Patients with HIV | Two geographically distinct academic HIV primary care clinics: University of Alabama at Birmingham HIV/AIDS Clinic Cohort and the University of Washington (UW) Harborview Medical Center HIV Clinic Out-patient | 4 Licensed mental health professional and social worker supervisor and physician |
Levine et al., 1989 [97] | United Kingdom | Observational | -Assess the incidence of depressive symptoms in patients admitted following deliberate self-harm using a self-rating modification of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression delivered by delivered by computer-Compare initial clinical assessment with outcome in those patients who went on to commit suicide | Patients who attempted suicide | District General Hospital In-patient | Psychiatrist |
Ligier et al., 2016 [77] (Protocol) | France | Experimental | -Determine whether a short message service in addition to usual care can be used to: keep in touch with adolescent suicide attempters to reduce the delay in recurrence of a suicide attempt, and to improve the evolution of 1) their social network, 2) depression and 3) health-related quality of life | Patients who attempted suicide | Pediatric and adolescent psychiatry unit at hospitals in eastern France: CHU Besançon, CHU Dijon, CHR Metz-Thionville, CHU Nancy, CHU Reims, and CHU Strasbourg In-patient | Physicians |
Luxton et al., 2012 [124] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial TMF: Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide | -Evaluate the program to determine how to best tailor the caring letter intervention to the military setting-Explore preliminary group differences related to psychiatric rehospitalizations-Compare the use of handwritten letters versus e-mail correspondence -Gather data to inform best practices that will assist the development of a multisite RCT | Retirees, veterans, and dependent family members admitted in in-patient psychiatric units | Veterans Hospital Mixture | Inpatient psychiatry treatment team consisting of psychiatric nurse |
Luxton et al., 2014 [62] (Protocol) Luxton et al., 2020 [78] | United States | Experimental | -Determine whether the intervention is efficacious in preventing suicide behaviours among U.S. service members and veterans | Veterans who are currently admitted to psychiatric inpatient units | Inpatient psychiatry units: Madigan Army Medical Center, Tripler Army Medical Center, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Navy Medical Center San Diego, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto, and Veterans Affairs Western New York In-patient | Not reported |
Mackie et al., 2017 [102] | Canada | Qualitative | -Inform the production of a treatment manual for a larger cluster randomised trial of a smartphone-assisted therapy for men who present to hospital after intentional self-harm. -Describe the experience of receiving and delivering a novel blended therapy combining a customised smartphone application with problem solving therapy (PST) for this population | Patients with self-harm | Emergency department in a major Canadian urban centre (The Ottawa Hospital) Out-patient | Psychiatrists, therapists |
Madan et al., 2015 [98] | United States | Observational | -Describe integration of an electronic suicide risk alert system to improve assessment of psychiatric, high-risk patients-Provide support of using aggregate data over time to inform administrative and clinical decision-making related to changes in the treatment delivery system | Patients admitted at the specialty psychiatric hospital | Specialty psychiatric hospital (Menninger Clinic, Huston Texas): a 120-bed facility that specializes in the treatment of individuals with serious mental illness In-patient | Nurses |
Marasinghe et al., 2012 [79] | Sri Lanka | Experimental | -Test whether a Brief Mobile Treatment (BMT) intervention can improve outcomes relative to usual care among suicide attempters | Admitted patients with self-harm | Colombo South Teaching Hospital in Kalubowila, Sri Lanka In-patient | Not reported |
McManama O'Brien et al., 2017 [125] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Test the usability, feasibility, and acceptability of a web-based prototype of Crisis Care with 20 adolescents with a history of suicidal thoughts and their 20 parents | Patients from outpatient psychiatry department | Outpatient psychiatry department at a general pediatric hospital in Northeast US Out-patient | Not reported |
Melvin et al., 2019 [126] | Australia | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a suicide prevention smartphone application | Patients from tertiary mental health service, and most of them had depressive disorder and suicide attempt | Tertiary mental health service in Melbourne, Australia Undetermined | Not reported |
Morthorst et al., 2021 [127] (Protocol) | Denmark | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Assess the feasibility of methods, procedures, and safety of internet-based Emotion regulation individual therapy (ERITA) in a Danish context | Patients with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) | Outpatient clinics in The Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in capital region on Denmark Out-patient | Psychologists and nurses with experience within clinical child and adolescent psychiatry and with psychotherapy and special knowledge about NSSI |
Mousavi et al., 2014 [80] | Iran | Experimental | -Evaluate the efficacy of telephone follow up on reduction of suicidal reattempt and their relationship with demographic characteristics of patients | Patients who attempted suicide | Intoxication emergency services, Noor Hospital, Isfahan In-patient | Psychiatry last-year resident |
Muscara et al., 2020 [128] | Australia | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Assess the feasibility and acceptability of a combination of smartphone apps to deliver a digitized safety plan, BeyondNow, and personalized management strategies, BlueIce, with adolescents discharged from a mental health inpatient ward following self-harm, suicidal ideation and/or behavior.-Explore whether any changes in suicide resilience and self-harming behaviors were able to be detected six weeks following discharge | Admitted patients with suicide attempt | Inpatient mental health ward (Banksia) at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia In-patient | Not reported |
Nuij et al., 2018 [129] (Protocol) | Netherlands | Pilot/Feasibility trial TMF: Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behaviour | -Evaluate the feasibility of mobile safety planning and daily mobile self-monitoring in routine care treatment for suicidal patients, and to conduct fundamental research on suicidal processes | Patient with main diagnosis of major depressive disorder or dysthymia and current suicidal ideation | 3 Mental health organizations Out-patient | Not reported |
O'Keefe et al., 2019 [81] (Protocol) | United States | Experimental | Evaluate which brief interventions, alone or in combination, have the greater effect on suicide ideation (primary outcome) and resilience (secondary outcome) among American Indian youth ages 10–24 ascertained for suicide-related behaviours by the tribal surveillance system | American Indian/ Alaska Indian youth with suicide ideation, suicide attempt or binge substance use with suicide ideation | WMAT suicide surveillance system (locally known as “CelebratingLife”), mental health centres located in Fort Apache Indian Reservation in Eastern Arizona Mixture | Trained Apache Community mental health specialists |
O'Toole et al., 2019 [82] | Denmark | Experimental | -Compare the effect between treatment as usual (TAU) with (TAU + APP) and without (TAU) the assistance of the mobile app on individuals referred to outpatient suicide prevention treatment | Patients with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt | A specialized outpatient suicide prevention clinic located at a psychiatric university hospital in Denmark. The clinic provides psychosocial therapy for people at risk of suicide, typically presenting with adjustment disorders and mild to moderate depression Out-patient | Therapists |
O’Connor et al., 2019 [135] (Protocol) | United Kingdom | Pilot/Feasibility trial TMF: Medical Research Council, Process evaluation framework for analysis | -Determine whether a safety planning intervention (SPI) with follow-up telephone support (SAFETEL) is feasible and acceptable to patients admitted to UK hospitals following a suicide attempt.-Adapt/tailor an innovative SPI with follow-up tele-phone support for use within UK NHS hospital settings.-Investigate how participants engage with the intervention. -Assess feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.-Investigate trial recruitment, retention and other trial processes including data collection.-Explore the barriers and facilitators to intervention implementation.-Collect data on readmission to hospital following self-harm in the 6 months following the index suicide attempt to inform the sample size required for a full trial.-Further develop and test the logic model and theoretical basis of the intervention -Assess whether an effectiveness trial is warranted | Admitted patients with suicide attempt | 4 National Health Service hospitals across two health boards in Scotland In-patient | The Liaison Psychiatry team |
Olsen et al., 2021 [130] (Protocol) | Denmark | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Assess the feasibility and safety of Internet-based ERITA as an add-on to treatment as usual in 13–17-year-old patients with NSSI referred to the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service | Patients with non-suicidal self-injury | Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in capital Region of Denmark Out-patient | Therapists |
Owens and Charles, 2016 [131] | United Kingdom | Pilot/Feasibility trial TMF: Normalisation Process Theory | -Test and refine the intervention in situ, before proceeding to a full trial Research question: -Can TeenTEXT be administered by CAMHS clinicians within the context of everyday clinical practice? | Patients with self-harm | Three Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) teams in South West England Out-patient | CAMHS Clinicians |
Canady 2018 [104] | United States | Other: Quality improvement | -Describe steps in developing and implementing this quality improvement program | Patients in ED and in-patient units | ED and inpatient units, Dallas-based hospital Mixture | Nurses |
Pickett et al., 2021 [132] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Determine the feasibility of implementing a self-administered tablet-based suicide screening questionnaire in an ED | Patients in a children's hospital ED | ED from children's hospital with an annual census of 70 000 patient visits Out-patient | Nurses and nursing assistants |
Sayal et al., 2019 [133] | United Kingdom | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Determine the acceptability and feasibility of carrying out an RCT of remotely delivered (video-calling or mobile phone) problem-solving cognitive behaviour therapy (PSCBT) plus treatment as usual (TAU) versus TAU in adolescents and young adults with depression who self-harm | Patients with self-harm | Adult or child and adolescent mental health services that assess people in emergency rooms or hospital wards following a self-harm presentation, adult or child and adolescent community mental health services that see people with depression and self-harm, a third sector organization providing interventions and support to people who have self-harmed Mixture | Cognitive behaviour therapist |
Seong et al., 2021 [99] | Korea | Observational | -Investigate the effects of Mobile Messenger Counseling on the post-discharge case management results for patients with suicide attempts or self-harm | Patients with self-harm or suicide attempt | Regional ED center that operates through the use of a dedicated medical team for patients who have attempted self-harm or suicide Out-patient | Physicians, psychiatrists, and social workers |
Simon et al., 2016 [63] (Protocol) Simon et al., 2022 [83] | United States | Experimental | -Compare 2 low-intensity outreach programs with usual care for prevention of suicidal behavior among outpatients who report recent frequent suicidal thoughts | Patients from an out-patient mental health or general medical visit who self-harm | 3 Mental health outpatient care in Colorado. These health systems provide general medical and mental health specialty care as well as insurance coverage to defined member/patient populations Out-patient | Care managers, Skills coach (Master’s-prepared mental health professional) |
Stallard et al., 2016 [64] (Protocol) Stallard et al., 2018 [84] | United Kingdom | Experimental | -Undertake a preliminary evaluation of a smartphone app (BlueIce), co-produced with young people and designed to help young people manage distress and urges to self-harm. -Assess the acceptability, safety, and use of BlueIce and to explore the effects on the primary outcome of self-harm and the secondary outcomes of psychological functioning | Patients with self-harm | Specialist child and adolescent mental health services provided by Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust. The Trust serves a wide geographical area that includes Bath and North East Somerset, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Swindon, and Wiltshire Out-patient | A total of 37 clinicians: Child psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, family therapists, child psychotherapists, occupational therapists, and community psychiatric nurses |
Stevens et al., 2019 [85] (Protocol) | Australia | Experimental | -Investigate whether Treatment As Usual (TAU) aftercare for DSH patients plus supportive SMS text messages delivered over 1-year reduce DSH re-presentations to hospital, compared to TAU alone | Patients with self-harm | Three public hospitals (EDs) in Western Sydney. Nepean, Blacktown and West-mead Hospitals (Australia): Toxicology Centers, Psychiatric Emergency Care Centers, and Mental Health Triage and Assessment Centers Out-patient | Psychiatrists, clinical nurse consultants, registered nurses, psychiatry registrars |
Vaiva et al., 2006 [87] | France | Experimental | -Determine the effects over one year of contacting patients by telephone one month or three months after being discharged from an emergency department for deliberate self-poisoning compared with usual treatment | Patients who attempted suicide | 13 EDs from north of France Out-patient | Psychiatrists with at least five years’ experience in managing suicidal crises |
Vaiva et al., 2011 [65] (Protocol) Vaiva et al., 2018 [86] | France | Experimental | -Assess the effectiveness of a decision-making algorithm for suicide prevention (ALGOS) combining existing Brief Contact Interventions in reducing suicide reattempts in patients discharged after a suicide attempt | Patients who attempted suicide | 23 EDs and psychiatry crisis centers Out-patient | Psychologists, ED physician |
Wright et al., 2021 [134] | United States | Pilot/Feasibility trial | -Verify methods for assessing adolescents and young adults who had signs or symptoms of depression or suicide ideation and for training professionals to implement mental health interventions using telehealth devices | Teenage and young adult patients prescribed lifelong home parental nutrition (HPN) infusions | University of Kansas Medical Center Out-patient | A total of 4 professionals. They had either PhD and extensive telehealth experience. The other professionals involved were a master's prepared pediatric nurse observer, and home parental nutrition counsellor, and a mental health nurse specialist. The psychologist and nurse mental health specialist were experienced in managing suicide ideation, and mood disorders, and discussing sensitive topics with adolescents |