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Table 1 Demographic characteristics for the commercially insured and Medicaid patients with AOM, pneumonia, and IPD, during 2014–2018

From: Economic burden of acute otitis media, pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the United States after the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines during 2014–2018

 

Commercially insured population

Medicaid insured population

AOM

All-cause pneumonia

IPD

AOM

All-cause pneumonia

IPD

Total number of patients

N = 4,157,822

N = 600,919

N = 796

N = 3,758,547

N = 511,939

N = 1058

Age, mean (SD)

4.9 (4.6)

6.4 (4.8)

5.2 (5.4)

4.1 (4.2)

4.7 (4.4)

4.3 (4.8)

  < 2 years, %

29.2

15.7

37.1

36.8

29.1

39.3

 2–4 years, %

28.2

27.0

19.8

27.7

28.9

24.0

 5–17 years, %

42.6

57.2

43.1

35.5

42.0

36.7

Male, %

52.1

53.0

54.8

51.7

53.2

58.4

Region

 Northeast, %

17.5

22.2

17.1

 North Central, %

22.1

20.9

21.2

 South, %

44.4

38.3

41.3

 West, %

14.8

17.4

19.2

 Missing/unknown, %

1.2

1.2

1.1

Urbanicity

 Urban, %

83.1

85.8

84.8

 Rural, %

11.9

9.8

11.6

 Missing, %

4.9

4.4

3.6

Health plan types

 HMO/EPO, %

10.2

11.6

9.0

71.5

67.7

63.0

 PPO/POS, %

64.5

63.3

65.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

 HDHP/CDHP, %

20.5

20.2

19.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

 FFS, %

1.3

1.4

1.8

28.3

32.0

36.4

 Missing, %

3.5

3.5

4.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

  1. [1] Patients’ month and day of birth was imputed as July 1st for all patients. Age at onset was calculated as the difference between condition start date and imputed birth date. Patients with negative age at onset were included in the analysis
  2. [2] Patients’ demographic characteristics were first determined by each calendar year and then combined throughout the study period, assuming each year has distinct patient population
  3. [3] For each calendar year, patients’ demographic characteristics were determined at the index episode, which was defined as the first disease episode in the given calendar year
  4. [4] Standard deviations for age in each vaccine period were calculated using the pooled standard deviation of the samples in relevant years
  5. Abbreviations: CDHP Consumer directed health plan, EPO Exclusive provider organization, FFS: Fee-for-service, HDHP High-deductible health plan, HMO Health maintenance organization, IPD Invasive pneumococcal disease, PCV Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, POS Point of service, PPO Preferred provider organization, SD Standard deviation