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Table 2 Perspectives of stakeholders on the EMA and FDA descriptions

From: Informing a European guidance framework on electronic informed consent in clinical research: a qualitative study

The conduct of the eIC process

EMA description

FDA description

Positive elements:

• Emphasis on EC approval in case of a remote interview in which the investigator informs the participants about the pertinent aspects of a trial

• Emphasis on electronic methods that allow real-time communication for conducting the interview

• Reference to national legislation

Positive elements:

• Emphasis on the eIC process (i.e., having the possibility to ask questions before and during the conduct of the trial)

• Flexibility because the description refers to in-person discussions as well as multiple electronic options to discuss questions with the investigator

Negative elements:

• No concrete options are provided for how the interview can be organized

Negative elements:

• Reference is made to the use of electronic methods that do not necessarily allow real-time communication (e.g., electronic messaging)