Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
Reference | Country | PT access | Targeted Concept | Population | Sample Size (N) | LBP diagnosis | Targeted PT services |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wiles, 2022 [28] | Australia | PC | Appropriateness of care | Interdisciplinary experts | 20 | LBP | Diagnostics, treatment |
Singh, 2021 [29] | United Kingdom | PC | Utilization | Patient records | 100 | LBP | Diagnostics |
Licciardone, 2021 [30] | USA | PC | Utilization | Patients | 528 | LBP | Treatment |
Bahns, 2021 [31] | Germany | SC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists | 1361 | LBP | Diagnostics, treatment |
Husted, 2020 [32] | Denmark | PC | Guideline adherence | Physiotherapists | 234 | LBP | Advice, treatment |
Alshehri, 2020 [33] | Saudi Arabia | PC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists | 294 | Chronic LBP | Treatment |
Akindele, 2020 [34] | Nigeria | SC | Guideline adherence | Physiotherapists | 189 | LBP | Diagnostics treatment |
Gardner, 2018 [35] | Australia | PC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists | 239 | Chronic LBP | Goal-setting |
Ely, 2018 [36] | United Kingdom | PC | Medical overuse | Physiotherapists | 607 | LBP | Diagnostics |
Bier, 2018 [37] | Netherlands | PC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists & General Practitioners | 45 | LBP | Treatment |
Tumilty, 2017 [38] | New Zealand | PC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists | 199 | Acute LBP | Treatment |
Orozco, 2017 [39] | Canada | PC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists | 846 | Chronic LBP | Treatment |
Ladeira, 2017 [40] | USA | PC | Guideline adherence | Physiotherapists | 528 | Acute LBP | Treatment |
de Souza 2017 [41] | Brazil | PC | Guideline adherence | Physiotherapists | 189 | Acute LBP | Diagnostics, treatment |
Roussel 2016 [42] | Belgium | SC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists | 34 | LBP | Advice |
Billis 2016 [43] | Greece | SC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists | 154 | LBP | Diagnostics, treatment |
Ross 2014 [44] | USA | PC | Knowledge | Physiotherapists & General Practitioners | 184 | LBP | Diagnostics, treatment |
Hendrick 2013 [45] | New Zealand | PC | Guideline adherence | Physiotherapists | 167 | LBP | Advice, treatment |
Pincus 2011 [46] | United Kingdom | PC | Current practice patterns | Physiotherapists, Osteopaths, Chiropractors | 337 | LBP | Advice |
Freburger 2011 [47] | USA | PC | Medical overuse | Patients | 588 | Chronic LBP | Treatment |
Rutten 2009 [48] | Netherlands | PC | Guideline adherence | Physiotherapists | 472 | LBP | Advice, treatment |
Liddle 2009 [49] | Ireland | PC | Clinical management | Physiotherapists | 419 | Chronic LBP | Advice, treatment |
Harman 2009 [50] | Canada | PC | Current practice patterns | Patients | 164 | Acute LBP | Treatment |
Casserley-Feeney 2008 [51] | Ireland | PC | Clinical management | Patients | 249 | LBP | Advice, treatment, waiting times |
Bishop 2008 [52] | United Kingdom | PC | Clinical behaviours | Physiotherapists & General Practitioners | 1022 | Acute LBP | Diagnostics, advice, treatment |
Liddle 2007 [53] | United Kingdom | PC | Clinical management | Patients | 18 | Chronic LBP | Treatment |
Swinkels 2005 [54] | Netherlands | PC | Guideline adherence | Physiotherapists | 90 | LBP | Goal-setting, treatment |
Strand 2005 [55] | Norway | SC | Guideline adherence | Manual Therapists | 42 | Acute LBP | Advice, treatment |
Poitras 2005 [56] | Canada | PC | Clinical Management | Physiotherapists | 222 | Work-related LBP | Goal-setting, advice, treatment |
Azoulay 2005 [57] | Canada | PC | Quality of care | Patients | 38 | Acute LBP | Not applicable |
Schonstein, 2002 [58] | Australia | PC | Current practice patterns | Patients | 219 | LBP | Goal-setting |
Gracey 2002 [59] | United Kingdom | PC | Clinical management | Physiotherapists | 157 | LBP | Diagnostics, treatment |
Li 2001 [60] | Canada | PC | management | Physiotherapists | 569 | Acute LBP | Diagnostics, treatment |