Table 1 Study variables
S.N. | Variables | Categories of variables |
|---|---|---|
A | Dependent variable | |
1 | Utilization of health insurance | Yes, No |
B | Background variables | |
1 | Age of household head | Years |
2 | Gender of household head | Male, Female, Others |
3 | Ethnicity | Dalit, Janajati, Madhesi, Muslim, Brahmin/ Chhetri, Others (based on Health Management Information System classification) |
4 | Literacy | Illiterate, Literate |
5 | Family size | Number |
6 | Family type | Nuclear, Joint Family /Extended |
7 | Number of children in a family | Number |
8 | Number of elderly (≥ 60 years of age) in the family | Number |
9 | Average annual income | Amount |
10 | Major source of expenditure | Household general expenditure, Health, Education |
11 | Expenditure in Health | Amount |
12 | Socio economic status | Upper, middle, lower (calculated by using Modified Kuppuswamy scale [42] |
C | Mediating Variables | |
1 | Conditions of seeking health care | Regular during illness, Only after not responding to other treatment, Only in emergency / severe condition, Regular check-up, Other |
2 | Presence of chronic illness | Yes, No |
3 | Presence of family member with a disability | Yes, No |
4 | Comprehensive knowledge in health insurance | Yes, No |
5 | Current membership status | Currently insured (has valid ID card), Previously insured (non-renewal) |
6 | Enrolled in other modes of health insurance | Privately purchased commercial insurance, Health Insurance through the employer |
7 | Last annual contribution amount paid | Amount |
8 | Total family members enrolled in health insurance | Number |
9 | Willingness to continue | Yes, No |
10 | Membership Duration | Months |