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Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression with changes in self-management (deteriorated self-management) as dependent variable

From: Routine healthcare disruptions: a longitudinal study on changes in self-management behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Model1

(n = 317)

Personal characteristics and health status

Model2

(n = 242)

Healthcare system

Model3

(n = 238)

Environmental context and support

Intercept

-1.89 (1.01)

0.09 (1.58)

0.29 (1.63)

Sex (female)

-0.73 (0.35)*

-0.93 (0.40)*

-1.03 (0.42)*

Age (higher)

0.01 (0.01)

0.01 (0.02)

0.01 (0.02)

Educational levela

  Low

-0.05 (0.49)

0.03 (0.55)

-0.03 (0.55)

  High

0.41 (0.37)

0.19 (0.42)

0.18 (0.42)

Severity of disabilityb

  Mild

0.20 (0.41)

0.17 (0.49)

0.20 (0.49)

  Moderate

0.07 (0.45)

0.21 (0.52)

0.28 (0.53)

  High

0.10 (0.65)

0.11 (0.78)

0.08 (0.78)

Mental health problems (mild to severe)

1.45 (0.48)**

1.30 (0.57)*

1.34 (0.60)*

Daily stressors due to COVID-19 (high)

-0.11 (0.14)

-0.07 (0.16)

-0.07 (0.16)

Changes in access to care due to COVID-19 (yes)

 

0.06 (0.41)

0.06 (0.41)

Shared decision making (more)

 

-0.26 (0.31)

-0.30 (0.32)

Information provision (more)

 

-0.31 (0.28)

-0.29 (0.29)

Living situation (with others)

  

-0.32 (0.45)

Social support (yes)

  

0.28 (0.42)

R2

0.06

0.09

0.11

  1. Notes. Entries are coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. The reference category is unchanged self-management
  2. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001
  3. a Middle education was used as a reference group
  4. b No disability was used as reference group