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Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression with changes in self-management (improved self-management) as dependent variable

From: Routine healthcare disruptions: a longitudinal study on changes in self-management behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Model1

(n = 317)

Personal characteristics and health status

Model2

(n = 242)

Healthcare system

Model3

(n = 238)

Environmental context and support

Intercept

-1.00 (1.04)

-1.50 (1.73)

-1.04 (1.82)

Sex (female)

-0.37 (0.34)

-0.55 (0.42)

-0.98 (0.46)*

Age (higher)

-0.01 (0.01)

-0.03 (0.02)

-0.03 (0.02)

Educational levela

  Low

0.81 (0.41)

1.18 (0.52)*

1.05 (0.55)

  High

0.19 (0.41)

0.11 (0.51)

0.08 (0.52)

Severity of disabilityb

  Mild

0.10 (0.45)

0.77 (0.55)

0.75 (0.58)

  Moderate

0.98 (0.41)*

1.27 (0.54)*

1.59 (0.58)**

  High

-0.40 (0.83)

0.59 (0.95)

0.46 (0.98)

Mental health problems (mild to severe)

1.10 (0.55)*

1.38 (0.66)*

1.81 (0.71)*

Daily stressors due to COVID-19 (high)

-0.31 (0.15)*

-0.21 (0.17)

-0.18 (0.18)

Changes in access to care due to COVID-19 (yes)

 

-1.08 (0.42)*

-1.18 (0.51)*

Shared decision making (more)

 

0.49 (0.40)

0.42 (0.42)

Information provision (more)

 

-0.11 (0.32)

-0.19 (0.33)

Living situation (with others)

  

-0.59 (0.46)

Social support (yes)

  

1.18 (0.53)*

R2

0.06

0.09

0.11

  1. Notes. Entries are coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. The reference category is unchanged self-management
  2. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001
  3. a Middle education was used as a reference group
  4. b No disability was used as reference group