Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample and multinomial regression models of factors associated with anxiety, depression, severe insomnia and symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder (Aladdin survey, n = 1,200 NSHW with available data on mental health outcomes). Results on caseness or each model. The table with the complete models (including non-significant variables) is presented in Additional file 1: Appendix 1
HADS Anxiety ( ref: absence of symptomatology) | HADS depression ( ref: absence of symptomatology) | Index of insomnia severity ( ref: Absence or Sub-threshold) | Post-traumatic stress disorder ( ref: No particular stress) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole study sample | Tested: caseness | Tested: caseness | Tested: severe insomnia | Tested: post-traumatic stress | |||||
Characteristics | % of NSHW or mean (SD) | aRRR1 [95% CI] | p-value | aRRR1 [95% CI] | p-value | aRRR1 [95% CI] | p-value | aRRR1 [95% CI] | p-value |
Female gender a | 78.3 | 1.98 [1.26–3.11] | 0.003 | ||||||
Age – per each year increase | 39.4 (11.8) | 0.97 [0.95–1.00] | 0.025 | 0.94 [0.92–0.97] | < 0.001 | ||||
Perceived financial status | |||||||||
-Financially comfortable/ gets by | 40.3 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
-Has to be careful | 46.4 | 1.65 [1.12–2.42] | 0.011 | 1.83 [1.05–3.20] | 0.033 | 2.20 [1.29–3.77] | 0.004 | 2.48 [1.54–3.99] | < 0.001 |
-Financial difficulties | 13.3 | 3.46 [2.00–5.98] | < 0.001 | 3.15 [1.52–6.54] | 0.002 | 4.68 [2.31–9.47] | < 0.001 | 4.33 [2.38–7.85] | < 0.001 |
Work-related characteristics | |||||||||
Professional category | |||||||||
-Nurses (specialized or not) | 53.6 | ref | |||||||
-Assistant nurses/technicians | 36.9 | 0.85 [0.57–1.26] | 0.423 | ||||||
-Midwives | 4.1 | 0.45 [0.17–1.16] | 0.096 | ||||||
-Managers | 0.8 | 2.54 [0.42–15.49] | 0.312 | ||||||
-Other | 4.6 | 2.51 [1.07–5.87] | 0.034 | ||||||
Seniority as a night-shift worker – per year increase | 9.2 (8.5) | 0.96 [0.94–0.99] | 0.009 | ||||||
Health-related characteristics | |||||||||
Physical activity b | 54.2 | 0.55 [0.34–0.89] | 0.015 | 0.62 [0.39–0.98] | 0.041 | ||||
History of psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, etc.) b | 5.1 | 4.19 [2.10–8.35] | < 0.001 | 2.54 [1.06–6.08] | 0.036 | ||||
History of harassment at work b | 21.0 | 1.62 [1.10–2.40] | 0.016 | 1.82 [1.06–3.12] | 0.031 | 2.85 [1.87–4.36] | < 0.001 | ||
History of SARS-CoV-2 infection b | 18.5 | 2.02 [1.10–3.69] | 0.022 | ||||||
Work-related perceptions | |||||||||
Night-shift work is underestimated by colleagues working on day d | |||||||||
Always, regularly | 65.0 | 0.84 [0.57–1.24] | 0.379 | 2.10 [1.16–3.82] | 0.014 | ||||
Night-shift work is underestimated by patients d | |||||||||
Always, regularly | 17.7 | 1.86 [1.23–2.79] | 0.003 | 2.02 [1.21–3.39] | 0.008 | 1.81 [1.05–3.12] | 0.031 | ||
Day duties are more important than night duties in terms of patient carec | |||||||||
Strongly agree, agree | 23.5 | 1.50 [1.02–2.20] | 0.038 | 2.25 [1.36–3.74] | 0.002 | 2.27 [1.38–3.75] | 0.001 | 1.96 [1.26–3.04] | 0.002 |
Work organization: changes since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic | |||||||||
Switch to night-shift work | 4.8 | 3.22 [1.37–7.57] | 0.007 | ||||||
Change of activity to manage COVID-19 patients b | 18.6 | 1.54 [1.03–2.31] | 0.035 | 1.81 [1.07–3.05] | 0.027 | 2.07 [1.30–3.28] | 0.002 | ||
Feelings related to the COVID- 19 pandemic | |||||||||
Satisfied with the information on COVID-19 provided by employer b | 31.5 | 0.48 [0.32–0.73] | 0.001 | ||||||
Afraid of contracting COVID-19 at work b | 65.6 | 1.75 [1.19–2.56] | 0.004 | 2.12 [1.31–3.44] | 0.002 | ||||
Considered protective measures to be inadequate c | |||||||||
- strongly agree, agree | 27.4 | 1.90 [1.18–3.06] | 0.008 | 1.62 [1.06–2.48] | 0.027 | ||||