Table 2 Themes and sub-themes related to the stewardship of prevention and control of NCDs in Iran

Stewardship factors

Incomplete and inconsistent implementation of laws, plans, and policies

Selling unhealthy sea salt, false claims about its benefits, and overlooking its likely side effects in advertisements.

The subsidy system deviated from its initial purposes; the lack of a system to impose a tax on unhealthy products.

Lack of insight into the prevention and control of NCDs in other sectors

Actors outside the MoHME generally have inadequate insight into the prevention and control of NCDs

The structural weakness of non-state actors

NGOs do not have a powerful position in the prevention and control of NCDs;

Inadequate utilization of the private sector

Insufficient actions in population-based interventions

Industry-based interventions are appropriate, while population-based interventions are not efficient enough

Advertising harmful products

Allocating advertisement codes to the harmful products

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