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Table 2 Effect of distance on maternal health services use and neonatal mortality (using generalised structural equation modelling) in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016

From: The effect of distance to health facility on neonatal mortality in Ethiopia

Explanatory variable

Outcomes variable

Adjusted Odds ratio

95% CI

P-value

Distance to a health facility (per 10 km)

Antenatal care

0.90

(0.88, 0.92)

 < 0.01

Residing in rural areas

 

0.72

(0.70, 0.74)

 < 0.01

Twin pregnancy

 

1.05

(1.01, 1.09)

0.02

Distance to a health facility (per 10 km)

Facility delivery

0.92

(0.90, 0.94)

 < 0.01

Antenatal care

 

1.33

(1.31, 1.36)

 < 0.01

Term pregnancy

 

0.98

(0.91, 1.05)

0.58

Residing in rural areas

 

0.68

(0.66, 0.69)

 < 0.01

Twin pregnancy

 

1.00

(0.96, 1.04)

0.99

Distance to a health facility (per 10 km)

Postnatal care

0.98

(0.98, 1.01)

0.83

Antenatal care

 

1.06

(1.04, 1.08

 < 0.01

Facility delivery

 

1.51

(1.48, 1.54)

 < 0.01

Term pregnancy

 

1.01

(0.99, 1.00)

 

Female gender of child

 

1.01

(0.99, 1.02)

0.73

Residing in rural areas

 

0.94

(0.92, 0.96)

 < 0.01

Twin pregnancy

 

1.01

(0.99, 1.05)

0.27

Distance to a health facility (per 10 km)

Counselling service

0.97

(0.94, 0.99)

0.018

Antenatal care

 

1.07

(1.03, 1.11)

 < 0.01

Facility delivery

 

1.14

(1.09, 1.18)

 < 0.01

Term pregnancy

 

1.03

(0.91, 1.16)

0.69

Female gender of child

 

0.98

(0.95, 1.01)

0.24

Residing in rural areas

 

0.88

(0.84, 0.92)

 < 0.01

Twin pregnancy

 

1.05

(0.98, 1.11)

0.17

Distance to a health facility (per 10 km)

Neonatal mortality

1.33

(1.06, 1.67)

0.01

Antenatal care

 

0.78

(0.51, 1.18)

0.24

Facility delivery

 

1.16

(0.72, 1.89)

0.54

Postnatal care

 

1.10

(1.64, 1.90)

0.72

Counselling about neonatal danger signs

 

0.97

 

0.81

Term pregnancy

 

0.09

(0.05, 0.16)

 < 0.01

Substances applied on umbilical cord

 

1.07

(0.99, 1.17)

0.09

Female gender of child

 

0.55

(0.38, 0.78)

 < 0.01

Residing in rural areas

 

2.41

(1.31, 4.42)

 < 0.01

Twin pregnancy

 

3.04

(2.28, 4.04)

 < 0.01

  1. Reference group for variables in the table: Attend postnatal care = not attended, counselling = didn't get counselling, facility delivery = didn't deliver at a health facility, attend ANC = not attended 4 or more, Term pregnancy = preterm, Substances applied on umbilical cord = nothing applied, child sex = female, residence = urban, pregnancy was twin = singleton
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