Table 4 Adjusted logistic regression estimating association between Medicaid policies and hospital adoption of OUD strategies (n = 457)

State Medicaid Policies

Medicaid Expansion

1.740**

(1.032—2.934)

1.955**

(1.245—3.070)

0.683

(0.266—1.754)

1.133

(0.463 – 2.774)

1.290

(0.708—2.352)

6.787**

(1.308—35.20)

1.668

(0.766—3.634)

0.919

(0.288—2.935)

0.914

(0.425—1.968)

1115 Waiver for SUD Treatment

1.409

(0.869—2.286)

1.079

(0.713—1.633)

2.003

(0.917 – 4.375)

0.546

(0.252—1.184)

1.278

(0.728—2.245)

0.735

(0.312—1.733)

1.788

(0.763 – 4.191)

1.543

(0.465 – 5.122)

1.360

(0.632—2.925)

Hospital Characteristics

Greater than 400 Beds

1.247

(0.696—2.235)

2.158*

(1.013—4.599)

0.531

(0.244—1.154)

1.302

(0.399—4.254)

1.245

(0.626—2.476)

0.467

(0.0842 – 2.592)

2.057

(0.809 – 5.232)

1.750

(0.453—6.756)

0.791

(0.395—1.582)

Academic Medical Center

0.974

(0.406—2.339)

1.091

(0.323—3.687)

2.111

(0.954 – 4.673)

4.195

(0.949 – 18.54)

0.939

(0.321—2.749)

0.825

(0.0691 – 9.852)

0.569

(0.117 -2.769)

1.827

(0.208 – 16.02)

0.571

(0.185—1.761)

Hospital in System

1.197

(0.779—1.959)

1.010

(0.640—1.594)

1.089

(0.692—1.715)

0.900

(0.403—2.009)

1.684

(0.877 – 3.236)

1.964

(0.625 – 6.167)

0.614

(0.356—1.058)

1.689

(0.387 – 7.377)

1.263

(0.684 – 2.334)

Safety-net Hospital

0.956

(0.652—1.403)

1.425

(0.828 – 2.453)

0.918

(0.503—1.677)

0.549

(0.165—1.826)

1.093

(0.614—1.945)

1.735

(0.579—5.198)

1.123

(0.531—2.371)

0.456

(0.070 – 2.942)

1.409

(0.822—2.415)

County Characteristics

% Under Poverty

1.003

(0.962—1.046)

0.994

(0.945—1.046)

1.011

(0.942—1.086)

1.056

(0.984—1.133)

0.975

(0.933—1.018)

0.972

(0.898—1.053)

1.052

(0.990—1.119)

1.006

(0.883—1.146)

1.037

(0.991—1.084)

% Uninsured Adults

0.979

(0.936—1.025)

0.952

(0.906—1.001)

0.964

(0.902—1.030)

0.918*

(0.847—0.994)

1.008

(0.953—1.065)

1.022

(0.934—1.119)

0.969

(0.904—1.039)

0.973

(0.887—1.068)

0.964

(0.903—1.029)

Overdose Rate

1.033

(0.994—1.074)

1.055**

(1.0616—1.096)

1.034

(0.986—1.085)

1.001

(0.938—1.069)

0.999

(0.955—1.046)

1.042

(0.987—1.101)

0.958

(0.899—1.021)

1.044

(0.944—1.155)

1.027

(0.985—1.071)

Preventable Hospital Stays

0.985**

(0.9747—0.993)

0.983*

(0.968—0.998)

0.982

(0.964 – 1.000)

1.002

(0.982—1.022)

1.003

(0.990—1.015)

0.987

(0.964—1.011)

0.989

(0.976—1.003)

0.981

(0.954—1.009)

0.983

(0.961 – 1.006)

% White residents

1.013

(0.999—1.027)

1.015

(0.994—1.036)

1.001

(0.977—1.025)

1.047**

(1.013—1.081)

1.019**

(1.005—1.033)

0.990

(0.960—1.021)

1.003

(0.9886- 1.020)

1.018

(0.990—1.046)

1.014

(0.998—1.029)

State OUD Policies

State with Legal SSP

1.533

(0.882—2.663)

0.986

(0.588—1.653)

2.380

(0.976 – 5.804)

1.787

(0.822 – 3.884)

1.518

(0.891—2.584)

1.556

(0.530—4.567)

1.000

(0.412 – 2.431)

2.499

(0.841—7.420)

1.659

(0.676 – 4.073)

MOUD Funding

1.915*

(1.095—3.350)

1.471

(0.932—2.323)

0.857

(0.401—1.829)

0.896

(0.367—2.188)

1.171

(0.670 – 2.047)

1.770

(0.723 – 4.337)

2.249*

(1.002 – 5.045)

0.597

(0.162 – 2.192)

1.245

(0.596—2.602)