Table 1 Translation steps
Steps | Activity |
|---|---|
Preparation | In month Year the author of the questionnaire and the journal edito where the questionnaire was published were contacted to obtain consent for translation Developing the role of every research member involved in the translation |
Forward translation | Two research members, who are bilingual, translated independently the questionnaire into French, and then compared their version |
Reconciliation | Research members reconciled the two versions in order to resolve the discrepancies and obtain one final French version |
Backward translation | Back translation into English by two other bilingual researchers who did not knew the original version |
Back Translation review | Research members reconciled the two English versions obtained in order to resolve the discrepancies and the compared the final backward version with the original version |
Harmonization | After final decision by the research members, an external expert with a master’s degree in nursing with an excellent level of English was asked to clarify whether the items seemed to fit. |
Cognitive debriefing | The new version was tested with French speaking nurses working in the institution, and also reviewed by the headnurses. Based on those feedbacks, research members finalized the French version |
Review of Cognitive Debriefing Results and Finalization | Based on the feedbacks obtained in the cognitive debriefing, research members finalized the French version. |
Proofreading | The proofreading was done by a person external to the research group but working in the institution |
Final report | The report with all the steps was addressed and approved by the author of the original version |