Table 1 Characteristics of hospitals in the sample

Bedsize

< 100 Beds

37.3% (33.7–40.9)

38.9%

47.7%

22.0%

20.9%

56.9%

76.9%

0.704

100–199 Beds

24.0% (20.8–27.2)

22.7%

24.5%

28.0%

25.0%

25.9%

–^d

200–299 Beds

15.2% (12.5–17.9)

15.0%

9.3%

24.0%

20.9%

8.6%

–^d

300–399 Beds

8.1% (6.2–10.1)

9.7%

6.6%

12.0%

7.6%

5.2%

0

400–499 Beds

5.5% (3.8–7.2)

4.7%

4.0%

10.0%

8.%

0

–^d

≥ 500 Beds

9.8% (7.6–12.1)

8.9%

8.0%

4.0%

17.4%

3.5%

0

Teaching

Non-Teaching

57.0% (53.3–60.7)

59.9%

72.2%

40.0%

37.2%

72.4%

84.6%

0.027

Teaching

43.0% (39.3–46.7)

40.1%

27.8%

60.0%

62.8%

27.6%

15.4%

Ownership

Government

13.3% (10.8–15.9)

9.3%

23.8%

0

14.0%

15.5%

0

< 0.001

Church

6.5% (4.7–8.4)

6.1%

5.3%

12.0%

9.3%

0

0

Other Not-for-profit

53.1% (49.4–56.8)

32.4%

49.0%

86.0%

76.7%

43.1%

100%

For Profit

27.1% (23.8–30.3)

52.2%

21.9%

2.0%

0

41.4%

0

Hospital Type

General Medical/Surgical

82.5% (79.7–85.3)

72.5%

83.4%

92.0%

94.2%

75.9%

100%

< 0.001

Other

17.5% (14.7–20.3)

27.5%

16.6%

8.0%

5.8%

24.1%

0

Urban/Rural

Metropolitan

79.0% (76.0–82.1)

91.5%

63.4%

92.0%

79.1%

69.0%

15.6%

< 0.001

Micropolitan

9.7% (7.5–11.9)

63.6%

14.6%

4.0%

13.4%

8.6%

38.5%

Rural

11.3% (8.9–13.7)

4.5%

21.9%

4.0%

7.6%

22.4%

46.2%

Herfindahl–Hirschman Index 75% (mean, SD)^a

3407.2 (± 2568.0)

3505.1 (± 2354.4)

3639.2 (± 2902.2)

3207.7 (± 2892.5)

3160.0 (± 2482.6)

3353.1 (± 3366.4)

8056.2 (± 2604.9)

< 0.001

Distance between Hospitals (mean, SD)^b

33.1 (± 55.2)

34.7 (± 61.4)

48.9 (± 62.7)

22.2 (± 27.3)

24.3 (± 38.6)

48.3 (± 84.6)

61.7 (± 27.7)

< 0.001

Number of Shared Patients (Mean, SD)^c

439.3 (± 616.5)

573.3 (± 789.1)

289.3 (± 327.9)

337.6 (± 361.4)

353.1 (± 404.9)

120.1 (± 120.3)

135.6 (± 84.1)

< 0.001

Number of Shared Patients per 10,000 Admission-Readmission Pairs

–

20.6

34.3

62.2

21.5

82.6

1142.1

< 0.001