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Table 5 Impact of health insurance on CHE for full sample, by wealth terciles and by chronic illness status, [(Instrumental Variables Approach 2011 and 2013)]

From: Short and longer-term impacts of health insurance on catastrophic health expenditures in Kwara State, Nigeria

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

 

Full sample

-no controls

Full sample-controls

Poor

Middle

Rich

Chronic

Non- Chronic

Panel A: CHE (> 10% of household consumption)

  Household Insured 2011

-0.095***

-0.102***

-0.172**

-0.080

-0.080**

-0.157**

-0.089***

 

(0.029)

(0.030)

(0.087)

(0.049)

(0.034)

(0.069)

(0.033)

  Controls

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  N

1036

1036

347

345

344

226

810

  Household Insured 2013

-0.017

-0.016

0.004

-0.037

-0.026

0.022

-0.025

 

(0.023)

(0.022)

(0.054)

(0.040)

(0.022)

(0.051)

(0.025)

  Controls

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  N

1039

1039

347

346

346

227

812

Panel B: CHE (> = 40% of capacity to pay)

  Household Insured 2011

0.000

0.000

0.059

-0.009

-0.043**

-0.008

0.003

 

(0.020)

(0.021)

(0.070)

(0.020)

(0.021)

(0.061)

(0.021)

  Controls

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  N

1036

1036

347

345

344

226

810

  Household Insured 2013

-0.005

0.000

-0.040

-0.027

-0.006

0.041

-0.007

 

(0.023)

(0.023)

(0.073)

(0.038)

(0.014)

(0.052)

(0.025)

  Controls

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  N

1039

1039

347

346

346

227

812

  1. Standard errors clustered at EA level (in parentheses)
  2. * p < 0.10; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01
  3. Based on the balanced panel of 1,039 households
  4. Covariates included in regressions are gender and marital status of household head, household size