Table 2 Mothers’ backgrounds

n

1580

1649

980

864

Age (mean (SD))

36.6 (8.0)

36.1 (8.0)

0.065

30.1 (7.0)

29.1 (7.0)

0.004

Smoking status (%)

0.313

0.012

 No

1527 (96.6)

1577 (95.6)

968 (98.8)

837 (96.9)

 Yes

52 (3.3)

70 (4.2)

12 (1.2)

25 (2.9)

Education status (%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 No education

492 (31.1)

406 (24.6)

276 (28.2)

167 (19.3)

 Primary

656 (41.5)

635 (38.5)

442 (45.1)

373 (43.2)

 Secondary

393 (24.9)

559 (33.9)

236 (24.1)

297 (34.4)

 Higher

39 (2.5)

49 (3.0)

26 (2.7)

27 (3.1)

 Urban (%)

556 (35.2)

963 (58.4)

 < 0.001

229 (23.4)

407 (47.1)

 < 0.001

Region of residence (%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Aire Metropolitaine/Reste-Ouest

11 (0.7)

796 (48.3)

4 (0.4)

377 (43.6)

 Artibonite

200 (12.7)

71 (4.3)

103 (10.5)

44 (5.1)

 Camps

2 (0.1)

352 (21.3)

0 (0.0)

212 (24.5)

 Centre

183 (11.6)

53 (3.2)

137 (14.0)

30 (3.5)

 Grand'Anse

126 (8.0)

67 (4.1)

88 (9.0)

46 (5.3)

 Nippes

157 (9.9)

84 (5.1)

61 (6.2)

25 (2.9)

 Nord

235 (14.9)

27 (1.6)

142 (14.5)

13 (1.5)

 Nord-Est

219 (13.9)

10 (0.6)

152 (15.5)

6 (0.7)

 Nord-Ouest

189 (12.0)

44 (2.7)

117 (11.9)

24 (2.8)

 Sud

159 (10.1)

48 (2.9)

109 (11.1)

35 (4.1)

 Sud-Est

99 (6.3)

97 (5.9)

67 (6.8)

52 (6.0)

Health care decision (%)

0.094

0.139

 By others

341 (21.6)

321 (19.5)

274 (28.0)

210 (24.3)

 By mother

947 (59.9)

979 (59.4)

614 (62.7)

558 (64.6)

Household wealth (%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Poor

727 (46.0)

425 (25.8)

615 (62.8)

288 (33.3)

 Middle

323 (20.4)

483 (29.3)

168 (17.1)

279 (32.3)

 Rich

530 (33.5)

741 (44.9)

197 (20.1)

297 (34.4)

Drinking alcohol (%)

0.043

0.338

 Every day

8 (0.5)

10 (0.6)

2 (0.2)

3 (0.3)

 Time to time

58 (3.7)

50 (3.0)

13 (1.3)

18 (2.1)

 Rarely

250 (15.8)

328 (19.9)

130 (13.3)

132 (15.3)

 Never

1263 (79.9)

1260 (76.4)

834 (85.1)

711 (82.3)

Mother's occupation (%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Not working

477 (30.2)

558 (33.8)

409 (41.7)

413 (47.8)

 Non-professional

862 (54.6)

937 (56.8)

450 (45.9)

392 (45.4)

 Agricultural

181 (11.5)

104 (6.3)

103 (10.5)

40 (4.6)

 Professional

60 (3.8)

50 (3.0)

18 (1.8)

18 (2.1)

Father's occupation (%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Not working

14 (0.9)

26 (1.6)

7 (0.7)

9 (1.0)

 Non-professional

529 (33.5)

833 (50.5)

284 (29.0)

466 (53.9)

 Agricultural

805 (50.9)

482 (29.2)

568 (58.0)

241 (27.9)

 Professional

188 (11.9)

265 (16.1)

85 (8.7)

122 (14.1)