Table 2 Data charting on review questions
# | RQ 1: What have we learned so far from applications of the CFIR to telehealth service implementation initiatives? | RQ 2: What are the descriptive characteristics of CFIR applications to telehealth service implementation initiatives? | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Includes a Summary Measure of Implementation Effectiveness of Telehealth Initiative (Yes/No)? | Which CFIR Domains serve to Explain Implementation Success or Failure of Telehealth Initiative? | Is CFIR Combined with Other Frameworks in Assessment of Telehealth Initiative (Yes/No)? | Healthcare Domain | Targeted Diagnoses or Conditions | Targeted Patient Populations | Technology Areas | Service Areas | |
1 | No | Inner Setting, Process | No | Primary Care | Diabetes Related (Retinopathic Screening) | Adults | Synchronous; Telemedicine for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening (TDRS); Interactive Audio/Video | Clinical Practice, Population Health, FQHCs |
2 | No | Inner Setting | No | Specialty Care | Maternal Health (Abortion) | Pregnant women | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Tele-Abortion Services | Clinical Practice |
3 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; App; Self-care for people living with HIV | Clinical Practice, Population Health (Self-Management in Vulnerable Populations) |
4 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; App; ART therapy readiness counseling | Clinical Practice |
5 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Acute & Intensive Care | Critical Care | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Critical Care Telemedicine | Clinical Practice |
6 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Pediatrics | Pediatric Care (All Levels) | Children | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Tele-Stroke Care | Clinical Practice |
7 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Emergency Care | Stroke | Seniors (Elderly) | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Pediatric Telemedicine | Clinical Practice |
8 | Yes | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Tuberculosis (TB) | Adults | Asynchronous; Remote Monitoring for TB Contact Investigation | Clinical Practice |
9 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; Mobile Digital Care Pathway Tool for Tele-Mental Health | Clinical Practice, Population Health (Community-Based Mental Health Services) |
10 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry (Substance Abuse) | Veterans | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Tele-Prescribing; Interactive Audio/Video | Clinical Practice, Medical Education |
11 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process | Yes | Specialty Care | Lifestyle Health (Obesity Management) | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Telemedicine-Delivered Healthy Lifestyle Program for Obesity Management | Clinical Practice, Medical Education, Population Health (Reduction of Rural Health Disparities) |
12 | No | Inner Setting | No | Emergency Care | Emergency Management | Adults | Synchronous; eICU for Emergency Department | Clinical Practice, Medical Education, Population Health (Reduction of Rural Healthcare Access Disparities) |
13 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Specialty Care Referrals (eConsults) | All ages | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eConsults | Medical Education |
14 | No | Inner Setting, Process | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry (Dementia) | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Telemedicine for ALS Care | Clinical Practice |
15 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics | No | Primary Care | Diabetes Related (Chronic Disease Management) | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; Messaging Device | Clinical Practice |
16 | No | Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Primary Care | Diabetes Related (Chronic Disease Management) | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; App; Mobile Apps | Clinical Practice |
17 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry (Psychosis) | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Digital Health Tools for People Affected by Psychosis or bipolar disorder | Clinical Practice |
18 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Outer Setting | No | Oral Health | Dentistry | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eHealth | Clinical Practice |
19 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics | No | Primary Care | Geriatrics (Frailty) | Seniors (Elderly) | Asynchronous; Web-Based Tool for Screening for Frailty | Clinical Practice |
20 | No | Inner Setting, Outer Setting | No | Emergency Care | Stroke | Seniors (Elderly) | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Tele-Stroke Care | Clinical Practice |
21 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | General (All) | Patient Engagement (Medication Adherence) | Adults | Asynchronous; SMS Texting for Medication Adherence | Clinical Practice |
22 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Tele-Psychiatry | Clinical Practice, Population Health (Community-Based) |
23 | No | Inner Setting | No | Specialty Care | Specialty Care Referrals (eConsults) | Veterans | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eConsults | Clinical Practice, Medical Education, Population Health (Specialty Care Neighborhood) |
24 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Specialty Care Referrals (eConsults) | Veterans | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eConsults | Clinical Practice, Medical Education, Population Health (Specialty Care Neighborhood) |
25 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Outer Setting, Process | No | General (All) | eHealth (All Levels) | All ages | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eHealth | Clinical Practice |
26 | No | Outer Setting, Process | No | Primary Care | Patient Engagement (Medication Adherence) | Adults | Asynchronous; SMS Texting for Medication Adherence | Population Health (Safety Net & Health Equity) |
27 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Specialty Care Referrals (eConsults) | Veterans | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eConsults | Clinical Practice |
28 | No | Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; Remote Monitoring; Electronic Diaries | Clinical Practice |
29 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; Remote Monitoring; Electronic Diaries | Clinical Practice |
30 | Yes | Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics, Outer Setting, Process | No | Acute & Intensive Care | Patient-Provider Communication | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Team-Based Communication, Patients and Caregivers | Clinical Practice |
31 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Primary Care | Provider-to-Provider Communication (Team-Based Care) | Adults | Asynchronous; Team-Based Care; Virtual Digital Health | Clinical Practice |
32 | No | Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Lifestyle Health (Smoking Cessation) | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; App; Smoking Cessation | Clinical Practice |
33 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Surgery (Surgical Guidance) | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Digital Health; Surgical Guidance | Clinical Practice, Medical Education |
34 | YES | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry | Seniors (Elderly) | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eHealth | Clinical Practice |
35 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Primary Care | Precision Health | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Precision Health; Interactive and Remote | Clinical Practice |
36 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Geriatrics | Seniors (Elderly) | Synchronous; Geriatric Care; Interactive Audio/Video | Clinical Practice |
37 | No | Inner Setting, Process | No | Specialty Care | Cardiology | Veterans | Asynchronous; Team-Based Care; Web-based Virtual Hub for QI | Clinical Practice |
38 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Pediatrics | Parent Training (School-Based) | Adults | Asynchronous; Digital Health; Referral to Digital Parent Training in Primary Care | Clinical Practice |
39 | No | Inner Setting, Outer Setting | No | Specialty Care | Oncology | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth; App; Patients to Record Doctor Consultations | Clinical Practice |
40 | Yes | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Specialty Care | Lifestyle Health (Sleep Medicine) | Adults | Asynchronous; Remote Monitoring of Sleep | Clinical Practice |
41 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Oral Health | Dentistry | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eHealth; App for Oral Health during Prenatal Visits | Clinical Practice |
42 | Yes | Inner Setting | No | Specialty Care | Lifestyle Health (Obesity Management) | Veterans | Asynchronous; Remote Messaging Device for Weight Loss | Clinical Practice |
43 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry (Audiology) | Veterans | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Interactive and Remote Telemedicine for Audiology | Clinical Practice |
44 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics | No | Post-Acute Care | Stroke Rehabilitation | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; eHealth; Rehabilitation | Clinical Practice |
45 | No | Inner setting, Process | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Interactive Audio; Voice-Only Telehealth | Clinical Practice |
46 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Primary Care | Home-Based Primary Care | Veterans | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Home-Based Primary Care | Clinical Practice |
47 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics | No | Acute & Intensive Care | Patient-Provider Communication | Adults | Asynchronous; Digital Health; Internet-Based Patient-Provider Communication | Clinical Practice |
48 | No | Inner Setting, Process | No | Primary Care | Diabetes Related (Retinopathy Screening) | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Digital Health | Clinical Practice |
49 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry (Dementia) | Adults | Synchronous; Interactive Audio/Video | Clinical Practice |
50 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Primary Care | Diabetes Related (Chronic Disease Management) | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Tele-Coaching for Diabetes; Interactive Audio/Video | Clinical Practice |
51 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty Care | Cardiology | Adults | Asynchronous; Virtual Care During Pandemic | Clinical Practice |
52 | No | Inner Setting | No | Specialty Care | Mental Health/Psychiatry | Youth | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Telemedicine in Dentistry | Program Evaluation |
53 | No | Inner Setting | No | Oral Health | Dentistry | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Tele-Psychiatry for Youth | Clinical Practice |
54 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, | No | Specialty care | Pain Management in Safety Net Settings | Adults | Asynchronous; Virtual Reality | Clinical practice |
55 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics, Outer Setting, Process | No | Specialty care | Mental Health/Psychiatry | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Telemental Health | Clinical practice |
56 | No | Inner Setting | No | Specialty care | Speech and Language Pathology | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Telehealth for Cystic Fibrosis | Clinical practice |
57 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics, Outer Setting, Process | No | Specialty care | Cystic Fibrosis | All ages | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Clinical Swallowing Assessment Services | Clinical practice |
58 | No | Intervention Characteristics, Individual Characteristics | No | Specialty care | Oncology (Cancer-Survivorship Care) | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; cancer survivorship | Clinical practice |
59 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process | No | Specialty care | Heart Failure | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth | Clinical practice |
60 | No | Inner Setting, Intervention Characteristics, Outer Setting | No | Specialty care | Complex disease management | Veterans | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Project ECHO | Clinical practice, medical education, |
61 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Process, | No | Specialty care | Stroke | Adults | Synchronous or Asynchronous; Kidney disease | Clinical practice |
62 | No | Inner Setting, Process | No | Specialty care | Kidney Disease | Adults | Asynchronous; mHealth | Clinical practice |
63 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics | No | Specialty care | Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Adults | Asynchronous; ePROs for kidney disease | Clinical practice |
64 | No | Inner Setting, Individual Characteristics, Outer Setting, Process | No | Specialty care | Neurology | Adults | Asynchronous; Tele-Neurology | Clinical practice |