Fig. 1

Sample graphs showing modular structures for hospitals 1 and 2 with modules distinguished by colours. Acronyms as used on each node correspond to their original names in the Hospitals. Graphs (a) and (b) are produced using composite data over the whole of 2019. Nodes corresponding to wards are indicated by squares while clinical units by ovals. Graphs (c) and (d) are from a single monthly snapshot in March 2020, where both wards and clinical units are indicated by circles. The complete series of graphs, plus the membership of the identified communities, are available on request from the authors