Table 1 Definition and categorization of study variables

Dependent variable

 Place of delivery

Place of delivery of the most recent live birth in the two years preceding the survey

0 = Home delivery or health facility delivery without the assistance of skilled providers

1 = Health facility delivery with skilled providers/Institutional delivery with skilled providers

Independent variables

 Age of women

Age of respondents in the completed year

1 = 15–19; 2 = 20–24; 3 = 30–49

 Residence

Place of residence

1 = Urban; 2 = Rural

 Province

Province

1 = Province 1; 2 = Madhesh; 3 = Bagmati; 4 = Gandaki; 5 = Lumbini; 6 = Karnali; 7 = Sudurpaschim

 Women's education

Highest educational level

0 = No education; 1 = Basic (Grade 1–8); 2 = Secondary (Grade 9–12); 3 = Higher

 Parity

Number of births

1 = 1 birth; 2 = 2 births; 3 = 3 births; 4 = 4 or more births

 Age of women at most recent live birth

Age of mother at most recent birth in the year

1 =  < 20; 2 = 20–30; 3 = 35–49

 Caste/ethnicity

Caste/ethnic affiliation of respondents

1 = Brahman/Chhetri; 2 = Terai caste; 3 = Dalit; 4 = Janajati; 5 = Muslim

 Access to media

Exposure to media (radio, television, newspaper) at least once a week

0 = Not Exposed

1 = Exposed

 Internet use

Ever used the internet

0 = No

1 = Yes

 Health insurance

Health insurance for women

0 = No

1 = Yes

 Migration status

Migration status of women

1 = Urban migrants; 2 = Rural migrants; 3 = Urban non-migrants; 4 = Rural non-migrants

 Wealth index quintile

Household wealth index

1 = Poorest; 2 = Poor; 3 = Middle; 4 = Rich; 5 = Richest

 ANC Visits

ANC visit during the pregnancy of the most recent live birth

0 = No visit; 1 = 1–3 visits; 2 = 4 + visits