Fig. 1
Timeline of COVID-19 restrictions nationally implemented in Norway, affecting university students. The timeline illustrates the infection control measures implemented nationally by the Norwegian government to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from the first national measures in place from March 13th, 2020, to all national measures were repealed on February 12th, 2022. The measures are categorized by level of stringency. The category ‘Full national lockdown’ refers to the strictest sets of injunctions and recommendations that included e.g., campus closure (including libraries); stay-at-home orders; limits on the number of visitors; closure of non-essential shops, bars, restaurants, and gyms; limitations on number of attendees at public events; hygiene and social distancing measures (e.g., 1- or 2-m distance in public and private spaces, face mask requirements); and testing, quarantine, and isolation rules. The category ‘Gradual reopening’ refers to periods after full lockdown, where some social distancing measures were gradually lifted, while e.g., hygiene, public distance, quarantine, and isolation rules remained. Typically, this involved a hybrid education model with part-time digital and part-time physical education for university students. The category ‘Normal situation’ refers to periods where all invasive national measures (except e.g., testing, quarantine, and isolation rules) were nationally repealed [2]