Social risks and social needs in a health insurance exchange sample: a longitudinal evaluation of utilization

Table 1 Sample characteristics at baseline

	Overall		3-Month Survey Subgroup		6-Month Survey Subgroup
	N	(%)	N	(%)	N	(%)
Age
18 to 26 years old	39	17.1	19	16.1	20	18.2
27 to 44 years old	62	27.2	34	28.8	28	25.5
45 to 61 years old	49	21.5	26	22.0	23	20.9
62 years old or older	78	34.2	39	33.1	39	35.5
Gender
Female	128	56.1	68	57.6	60	54.6
Male	100	43.9	50	42.4	50	45.5
Race/Ethnicity
Black, African-American	11	4.8	6	5.1	5	4.6
Hispanic	33	14.5	17	14.4	16	14.6
Missing	38	16.7	24	20.3	14	12.7
Other	36	15.8	18	15.3	18	16.4
White, Caucasian	110	48.2	53	44.9	57	51.8
Food insecurity
No	173	75.9	87	73.7	86	78.2
Yes	55	24.1	31	26.3	24	21.8
Housing insecurity
No	204	89.5	107	90.7	97	88.2
Yes	24	10.5	11	9.3	13	11.8
Housing conditions problem
No	167	73.2	92	78.0	75	68.2
Yes	61	26.8	26	22.0	35	31.8
Transportation difficulties
No	207	90.8	106	89.8	101	91.8
Yes	21	9.2	12	10.2	9	8.2
Trouble paying for utilities
No	212	93.0	109	92.4	103	93.6
Yes	16	7.0	9	7.6	7	6.4
Any risk
No	122	53.5	67	56.8	55	50.0
Yes	106	46.5	51	43.2	55	50.0
Need food assistance
No	224	98.2	118	100.0	106	96.4
Yes	4	1.8	0	0.0	4	3.6
Need housing assistance
No	212	93.0	115	97.5	97	88.2
Yes	16	7.0	3	2.5	13	11.8
Need transportation assistance
No	217	95.2	113	95.8	104	94.6
Yes	11	4.8	5	4.2	6	5.5
Need utilities assistance
No	207	90.8	109	92.4	98	89.1
Yes	21	9.2	9	7.6	12	10.9
Any need
No	185	81.1	101	85.6	84	76.4
Yes	43	18.9	17	14.4	26	23.6

ISSN: 1472-6963