Table 4 The six Multiple Linear Regression Models with SDCS total job strain and the five factors (F1 – F5) as dependent variables (bold) with the organisational (Org.) and individual (Ind.) factors that explain the model

Job Strain (DV)

.518 / .507

 (Constant)

-0.08

0.33

-0.25

0.803

-0.74

0.57

 QPS Job demand

(Org)

0.70

0.16

4.42

0.001**

0.39

1.01

 QPS Item9 incompatible requests

(Org)

0.24

0.08

2.88

0.004**

0.08

0.40

 QPS Item 37 feeling stressed

(Ind)

0.20

0.10

1.97

0.051***

-0.00

0.41

 PH 1 feeling unhappy & depressed

(Ind)

0.30

0.13

2.40

0.017*

0.06

0.55

 PH 3 feeling worried & restless

(Ind)

0.24

0.12

2.02

0.045*

0.01

0.48

F1 Frustrated Empathy (DV)

.406 / .389

  (Constant)

0.08

1.13

0.069

0.945

-2.14

2.30

 QPS Job demand

(Org)

0.50

0.21

2.41

0.016*

0.09

0.92

 QPS Role expectation

(Org)

0.38

0.18

2.09

0.036*

0.02

0.74

 QPS Organisational Culture and Climate

(Org)

-0.48

0.17

-2.88

0.004**

-0.81

-0.15

 QPS item 16 content with one’s ability to solve problems at work

(Org)

0.32

0.14

2.36

0.019*

0.05

0.58

QPS item 32 age inequalities at work

(Org)

0.36

0.11

3.14

0.002**

0.13

0.58

 PH 3 feeling worried & restless

(Ind)

0.54

0.12

4.40

0.001**

0.30

0.79

F2 Difficulty Understanding and Interpreting (DV)

.207 / .200

  (Constant)

0.58

0.36

1.61

0.107

-0.126

1.29

 QPS Job demand

(Org)

0.70

0.16

4.30

0.001**

0.381

1.02

 PH 3 feeling worried & restless

(Ind)

0.27

0.10

2.69

0.008**

0.071

0.46

F3 Balancing Competing Needs (DV)

.418 / .399

  (Constant)

0.28

1.12

0.25

0.803

-1.92

2.48

 QPS Job demand

(Org)

0.99

0.21

4.75

0.001**

0.59

1.41

 QPS Role expectation

(Org)

-0.83

0.35

-2.42

0.018*

-1.52

-0.15

 QPS Social interaction

(Org)

0.33

0.16

2.10

0.036*

0.02

0.64

 QPS Item 9 incompatible requests

(Org)

0.75

0.23

3.35

0.001**

0.30

1.20

 QPS Item 16 content with one’s ability to solve problems at work

(Org)

0.31

0.14

2.19

0.028*

0.03

0.59

 QPS Item 35 like to be absorbed in my job

(Org)

-0.30

0.13

-2.30

0.022*

-0.57

-0.04

 PH 1 feeling unhappy & depressed

(Ind)

0.53

0.13

4.16

0.001**

0.28

0.77

F4 Balancing Emotional Involvement (DV)

.435/ .427

  (Constant)

-0.40

0.44

-.91

0.363

-1.27

0.47

 QPS Job demand

(Org)

0.88

0.21

4.26

0.001**

0.48

1.29

 QPS Item 37 feeling stressed

(Ind)

0.46

0.14

3.40

0.001**

0.19

0.73

 PH 3 feeling worried & restless

(Ind)

0.47

0.14

3.46

0.001**

0.20

0.73

F5 Lack of Recognition (DV)

.471 / .456

  (Constant)

0.25

1.06

0.23

0.818

-1.84

2.33

 QPS Job demand

(Org)

0.70

0.24

2.91

0.004**

0.23

1.17

 QPS Organisational Culture and Climate

(Org)

-0.40

0.19

-2.06

0.039*

-0.77

-0.02

 QPS Item 9 incompatible requests

(Org)

0.30

0.13

2.35

0.019*

0.05

0.56

 QPS Item 37 feeling stressed

(Ind)

0.37

0.16

2.29

0.025*

0.05

0.70

 PH 3 feeling worried & restless

(Ind)

0.50

0.16

3.20

0.002**

0.19

0.81

 Education Level

(Ind)

0.57

0.21

2.70

0.007**

0.16

0.99