Table 3 Proximal causes leading to UMDs and pharmaceutical intervention with its rate of acceptance

The proximal causes leading to UMD

Frequency (%)

physician’s lack of awareness

43 (17.3)

Patient’s lack of knowledge

149 (60.1)

Dosage form confusion

2 (0.8)

Brand and generic name similarity

3 (1.2)

Unknown

51 (20.6)

Total

248 (100.0)

Type of pharmaceutical intervention

Frequency (%)^a

Adjust dose

87 (35.4)

Adjust route

43 (17.5)

Adjust frequency

17 (6.9)

Add medication

162 (65.9)

Discontinue medication

44 (17.9)

Highlight drug-drug interactions

15 (6.1)

Highlight drug-disease interactions

6 (2.4)

Educate the patient

68 (27.7)

The acceptance rate of pharmaceutical interventions

Frequency (%)

Fully accepted

333 (75.3)

Partially accepted

37 (8.4)

Not accepted

72 (16.3)

Total

442 (100)