Table 3 Generalized hierarchical linear model (HLM) analyses examining the effects of personal- and area/site-level in the log number of times HIV tested in the past 2 years among those with any test
Model 1 (N = 2,528) | Model 2 (N = 2,184) | Model 3 (N = 2,184) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
β (SE), p-value | β (SE), p-value | β (SE), p-value | ||
Personal-level stigma and discrimination | Stigma from family | 0.022 (0.008) p = 0.012 | 0.015 (0.009), p = 0.105 | 0.015 (0.009), p = 0.105 |
Anticipated healthcare stigma | 0.003 (0.012), p = 0.784 | 0.011 (0.013), p = 0.409 | 0.011 (0.013), p = 0.413 | |
General social stigma | 0.009 (0.007), p = 0.164 | 0.011 (0.007), p = 0.132 | 0.011 (0.007), p = 0.145 | |
Covariates | Age in years | -0.003 (0.001), p < 0.001 | -0.003 (0.001), p < 0.001 | |
Education | 0.038 (0.17), p = 0.024 | 0.039 (0.017), p = 0.022 | ||
Sexual orientation | -0.070 (0.066), p = 0.293 | -0.070 (0.066), p = 0.288 | ||
Site-level stigma and discrimination | Stigma from family site average | -0.431 (0.282), p = 0.127 | ||
Anticipated healthcare stigma site average | 0.928 (0.682), p = 0.173 | |||
General social stigma site average | 0.261 (0.112), p = 0.020 | |||
Criminalization | -0.067 (0.035), p = 0.059 |