Table 1 Demographic characteristics of postpartum mothers and newborns according to endline survey (N = 1298)
From: Effectiveness of early essential newborn care implementation in four counties of western China
|  | Total (N = 1298) | Guizhou Province (n = 421) | Qinghai Province (n = 280) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention (n = 599) | Control (n = 699) | t/χ2 | P | Intervention (n = 150) | Control (n = 271) | t/χ2 | P | Intervention (n = 137) | Control (n = 143) | |
Maternal | ||||||||||
 Age (\(\overline{x }\)±SD) | 26.11 ± 5.44 | 26.33 ± 5.18 | 0.766# | 0.444 | 24.16 ± 6.10 | 25.73 ± 5.84 | 2.596 | 0.010 | 26.37 ± 5.12 | 26.14 ± 5.20 |
 Education level |  |  | 14.096# | 0.003 |  |  | 13.028 | 0.005 |  |  |
  Primary school or below | 169 (28.21) | 149 (21.32) |  |  | 37 (24.67) | 33 (12.18) |  |  | 77 (56.20) | 85 (59.44) |
  Junior high school | 214 (35.73) | 274 (39.20) | 85 (56.67) | 164 (60.52) | 22 (16.06) | 21 (14.69) | ||||
  Senior high school | 110 (18.36) | 154 (22.03) | 18 (12.00) | 40 (14.76) | 10 (7.30) | 20 (13.99) | ||||
  College or higher | 106 (17.70) | 122 (17.45) | 10 (6.67) | 34 (12.55) | 28 (20.44) | 17 (11.89) | ||||
 Nationality |  |  | 22.276# |  < 0.001 |  |  | 42.334 |  < 0.001 |  |  |
 Minorities | 298 (49.75) | 284 (40.63) |  |  | 90 (60.00) | 75 (27.68) |  |  | 136 (99.27) | 128 (89.51) |
 Han nationality | 301 (50.25) | 415 (59.37) | 60 (40.00) | 196 (72.32) | 1 (0.73) | 15 (10.49) | ||||
 Parity |  |  | 7.490# | 0.024 |  |  | 0.537 | 0.765 |  |  |
  First birth | 216 (36.06) | 228 (32.62) |  |  | 39 (26.00) | 73 (26.94) |  |  | 61 (44.53) | 48 (33.57) |
  Second birth | 194 (32.39) | 265 (37.91) | 42 (28.00) | 83 (30.63) | 42 (30.66) | 60 (41.96) | ||||
  Third birth or above | 189 (31.55) | 206 (29.47) | 69 (46.00) | 115 (42.44) | 34 (24.82) | 35 (24.48) | ||||
Infants | ||||||||||
 Birthweight (g) |  |  | 2.673# | 0.263 |  |  | — | 0.350* |  |  |
   < 2500 | 13 (2.17) | 26 (3.72) |  |  | 3 (2.00) | 10 (3.69) |  |  | 5 (3.65) | 6 (4.20) |
  2500 ~ 4000 | 570 (95.16) | 653 (93.42) | 145 (96.67) | 252 (92.99) | 127 (92.70) | 133 (93.01) | ||||
   > 4000 | 16 (2.67) | 20 (2.86) | 2 (1.33) | 9 (3.32) | 5 (3.65) | 4 (2.80) | ||||
 Birth length (cm) (\(\overline{x }\)±SD) | 49.59 ± 1.76 | 50.33 ± 1.71 | 7.699 |  < 0.001 | 50.41 ± 1.90 | 50.01 ± 0.69 | 3.086 | 0.002** | 49.62 ± 2.10 | 51.00 ± 2.00 |
 Gestational age |  |  | 6.443# | 0.011 |  |  | 5.689 | 0.017 |  |  |
 Full-term birth | 589 (98.33) | 670 (95.85) |  |  | 149 (99.33) | 257 (94.83) |  |  | 133 (97.08) | 140 (97.90) |
 Premature/ Low birthweight | 10 (1.67) | 29 (4.15) | 1 (0.67) | 14 (5.17) | 4 (2.92) | 3 (2.10) | ||||
|  | Qinghai Province (n = 280) | Sichuan Province (n = 282) | Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (n = 315) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t/χ2 | P | Intervention (n = 152) | Control (n = 130) | t/χ2 | P | Intervention (n = 160) | Control (n = 155) | t/χ2 | P | |
Maternal | ||||||||||
 Age (\(\overline{x }\)±SD) | -0.377 | 0.707 | 26.57 ± 4.40 | 26.57 ± 4.04 | 0.202 | 0.840 | 27.37 ± 5.51 | 27.38 ± 4.63 | 0.021 | 0.984** |
 Education level | 6.315 | 0.097 |  |  | — | 0.002* |  |  | 7.939 | 0.047 |
  Primary school or below |  |  | 5(3.29) | 2 (1.54) |  |  | 50 (31.25) | 29 (18.71) |  |  |
  Junior high school | 58 (38.16) | 25 (19.23) | 49 (30.63) | 64 (41.29) | ||||||
  Senior high school | 59(38.82) | 67(51.54) | 23 (14.38) | 27 (17.42) | ||||||
  College or higher | 30 (19.74) | 36 (27.69) | 38 (23.75) | 35 (22.58) | ||||||
 Nationality | 12.370 |  < 0.001 |  |  | — | 0.461* |  |  | 1.379 | 0.240 |
 Minorities |  |  | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.77) |  |  | 72 (45.00) | 80 (51.61) |  |  |
 Han nationality | 152(100.00) | 129 (99.23) | 88 (55.00) | 75 (48.39) | ||||||
 Parity | 4.615 | 0.100 |  |  | 19.408 |  < 0.001 |  |  | 0.861 | 0.650 |
  First birth |  |  | 61 (40.13) | 61 (46.92) |  |  | 55 (34.38) | 46 (29.68) |  |  |
  Second birth | 54 (35.53) | 62 (47.69) | 56 (35.00) | 60 (38.71) | ||||||
  Third birth or above | 37 (24.34) | 7 (5.38) | 49 (30.63) | 49 (31.61) | ||||||
Infants | ||||||||||
 Birthweight (g) | — | 0.940* |  |  | — | 0.351* |  |  | — | 0.402* |
   < 2500 |  |  | 3 (1.97) | 5 (3.85) |  |  | 2 (1.25) | 5 (3.23) |  |  |
  2500 ~ 4000 | 143 (94.08) | 123 (94.62) | 155 (96.88) | 145 (93.55) | ||||||
   > 4000 | 6 (3.95) | 2 (1.54) | 3 (1.88) | 5 (3.23) | ||||||
 Birth length (cm) (\(\overline{x }\)±SD) | 5.635 |  < 0.001* | 50.14 ± 1.48 | 49.85 ± 0.91 | -1.907 | 0.058 | 48.65 ± 1.98 | 49.97 ± 1.32 | 6.986 |  < 0.001** |
 Gestational age | 0.003§ | 0.954 |  |  | 2.553§ | 0.110 |  |  | 0.586§ | 0.444 |
 Full-term birth |  |  | 150 (98.68) | 123(94.62) |  |  | 157 (98.13) | 150 (96.77) |  |  |