Table 2 Physiological characteristics of participants

 Height, cm

161.77 ± 6.91

160.68 ± 7.11

163.13 ± 6.40

<  0.001

 Weight, kg

69.06 ± 10.24

69.23 ± 9.89

68.86 ± 10.66

<  0.001

 BMI

26.46 ± 3.93

26.90 ± 3.98

25.90 ± 3.79

<  0.001

 Body Fat, %

26.93 ± 0.02

27.24 ± 0.08

26.54 ± 0.03

0.125

 Visceral Fat, %

8.50 ± 0.16

8.10 ± 6.00

9.02 ± 5.65

0.005

 Hip circumference, cm

100.5 ± 15.35

99.40 ± 15.24

101.55 ± 15.34

0.003

 Waist circumference, cm

93.46 ± 11.54

94.15 ± 11.67

93.46 ± 11.38

0.292

 Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR)

0.97 ± 0.19

1.0 ± 0.19

0.95 ± 0.19

< 0.001

 Systolic BP, mmHg

127.32 ± 15.33

128.01 ± 15.33

126.46 ± 15.08

0.07

 Diastolic BP, mmHg

78.66 ± 11.07

78.65 ± 11.25

78.68 ± 10.84

0.951

 Heart rate, beats/minute

73.78 ± 12.66

72.65 ± 12.79

75.18 ± 12.37

< 0.001

 Mean BP, mmHg

95.03 ± 12.047

95.24 ± 12.21

94.75 ± 11.90

0.467

 FPG, mmol/l

5.44 ± 1.16

5.49 ± 1.12

5.43 ± 1.21

0.342

 Cortisol, nmol/l

441.9 ± 198.3

433.5 ± 195.6

451.7 ± 201.3

0.042

 Total Cholesterol, mmol/l

5.24 ± 1.3

5.34 ± 1.29

5.05 ± 1.20

0.020

 Triglycerides, mmol/l

1.68 ± 020

1.68 ± 0.21

1.67 ± 0.19

0.22

 HDL, mmol/l

0.92 ± 0.24

0.91 ± 0.24

0.92 ± 0.25

0.491

 LDL, mmol/l

3.25 ± 0.95

3.31 ± 0.87

3.18 ± 1.03

0.025