Table 2 Descriptive frequencies for the overall sample of patients admitted to the Emergency Department ^a

N

N.Obs

536 (100.0)

171 (31.9)

365 (68.1)

400 (74.6)

136 (25.4)

Age^b

Continuous

63.2 (19.1)

50.4 (17.7)

69.2 (16.7)

1.06 (1.05–1.08)

< 0.001

57.4 (17.2)

80.4 (13.2)

1.08 (1.06–1.09)

< 0.001

Gender

Female

264 (49.3)

99 (57.9)

165 (45.2)

1.00 (−)

–

201 (50.2)

63 (46.3)

1.00 (−)

–

Male

272 (50.7)

72 (42.1)

200 (54.8)

1.67 (1.15–2.41)

< 0.01

199 (49.8)

73 (53.7)

1.12 (0.80–1.57)

0.516

Diabetes

No

449 (83.8)

164 (95.9)

285 (78.1)

1.00 (−)

–

348 (87.0)

101 (74.3)

1.00 (−)

–

Yes

86 (16.0)

7 (4.1)

79 (21.6)

6.49 (2.93–14.40)

< 0.001

52 (13.0)

34 (25.0)

1.87 (1.27–2.76)

< 0.01

Missing

1 (0.2)

–

1 (0.3)

–

–

–

1 (0.7)

–

–

CVD

No

396 (73.9)

148 (86.5)

248 (67.9)

1.00 (−)

–

329 (82.2)

67 (49.3)

1.00 (−)

–

Yes

139 (25.9)

23 (13.5)

116 (31.8)

3.01 (1.84–4.92)

< 0.001

71 (17.8)

68 (50.0)

3.50 (2.49–4.90)

< 0.001

Missing

1 (0.2)

–

1 (0.3)

–

–

–

1 (0.7)

–

–

Obesity

No

479 (89.4)

167 (97.7)

312 (85.5)

1.00 (−)

–

361 (90.2)

118 (86.8)

1.00 (−)

–

Yes

27 (5.0)

1 (0.6)

26 (7.1)

13.92 (1.87–103.47)

< 0.001

21 (5.2)

6 (4.4)

0.92 (0.40–2.08)

0.830

Missing

30 (5.6)

3 (1.8)

27 (7.4)

–

–

18 (4.5)

12 (8.8)

–

–

Cancer

No

490 (91.4)

164 (95.9)

326 (89.3)

1.00 (−)

–

369 (92.2)

121 (89.0)

1.00 (−)

–

Yes

46 (9.6)

7 (4.1)

39 (10.7)

2.80 (1.23–6.40)

< 0.001

31 (7.8)

15 (11.0)

1.41 (0.83–2.41)

0.228

ESRD

No

509 (95.0)

170 (99.4)

339 (92.9)

1.00 (−)

–

394 (98.5)

115 (84.6)

1.00 (−)

Yes

26 (4.8)

1 (0.6)

25 (6.8)

12.54 (1.68–93.31)

< 0.001

6 (1.5)

20 (14.7)

5.17 (3.21–8.34)

< 0.001

Missing

1 (0.2)

–

1 (0.3)

–

–

–

1 (0.7)

–

–

COPD

No

490 (91.4)

166 (97.1)

324 (88.8)

1.00 (−)

–

379 (94.8)

111 (81.6)

1.00 (−)

–

Yes

46 (8.6)

5 (2.9)

41 (11.2)

4.20 (1.63–10.83)

< 0.001

21 (5.2)

25 (18.4)

3.02 (1.95–4.66)

< 0.001

Hypertension

No

341 (63.6)

146 (85.4)

195 (53.4)

1.00 (−)

–

277 (69.2)

64 (47.1)

1.00 (−)

Yes

194 (36.2)

25 (14.6)

169 (46.3)

5.06 (3.16–8.11)

< 0.001

123 (30.8)

71 (52.2)

2.08 (1.48–2.91)

< 0.001

Missing

1 (0.2)

–

1 (0.3)

–

–

–

1 (0.7)

–

–

Fever

No

108 (62.1)

56 (32.7)

52 (14.2)

1.00 (−)

–

77 (19.2)

31 (22.8)

1.00 (−)

–

Yes

428 (79.9)

115 (67.3)

313 (85.8)

2.93 (1.90–4.52)

< 0.001

323 (80.8)

105 (77.2)

0.79 (0.53–1.18)

0.252

Cough

No

279 (52.0)

99 (57.9)

180 (49.3)

1.00 (−)

–

193 (48.2)

86 (63.2)

1.00 (−)

Yes

234 (43.7)

69 (40.4)

165 (45.2)

1.32 (0.91–1.91)

0.149

190 (47.5)

44 (32.4)

0.53 (0.37–0.76)

< 0.001

Missing

23 (4.3)

3 (1.8)

20 (5.5)

–

–

17 (4.2)

6 (4.4)

–

–

Asthenia

No

391 (73.0)

125 (73.1)

266 (72.9)

1.00 (−)

–

280 (70.0)

111 (81.6)

1.00 (−)

Yes

95 (17.7)

30 (17.5)

65 (17.8)

1.02 (0.63–1.65)

0.942

81 (20.2)

14 (10.3)

0.47 (0.27–0.82)

< 0.01

Missing

50 (9.3)

16 (9.4)

34 (9.3)

–

–

39 (9.8)

11 (8.1)

–

–

Diarrhea

No

68 (12.7)

32 (18.7)

36 (9.9)

1.00 (−)

–

336 (84.0)

131 (96.3)

1.00 (−)

Yes

467 (87.1)

139 (81.3)

328 (89.9)

0.48 (0.28–0.80)

< 0.01

64 (16.0)

4 (2.9)

0.20 (0.07–0.54)

< 0.001

Missing

1 (0.2)

–

1 (0.3)

–

–

–

1 (0.7)

–

–

Dyspnea

No

303 (56.5)

136 (79.5)

167 (45.8)

1.00 (−)

–

254 (63.5)

49 (36.0)

1.00 (−)

Yes

232 (43.3)

35 (20.5)

197 (54.0)

4.58 (3.00–7.01)

< 0.001

146 (36.5)

86 (63.2)

2.55 (1.80–3.62)

< 0.001

Missing

1 (0.2)

–

1 (0.3)

–

–

–

1 (0.7)

–

–

Procalcitonin ng/mL

< 0.2

370 (69.0)

155 (90.6)

215 (58.9)

1.00 (−)

–

325 (81.2)

45 (33.1)

1.00 (−)

≥0.2

159 (29.7)

9 (5.3)

150 (41.1)

12.02 (5.95–24.28)

< 0.001

68 (17.0)

91 (66.9)

6.30 (4.40–9.02)

< 0.001

Missing

7 (1.3)

7 (4.1)

–

–

–

7 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

–

–

LDH U/L

Low

315 (58.8)

51 (29.8)

264 (72.3)

1.00 (−)

–

245 (61.3)

46 (33.8)

1.00 (−)

–

High

214 (41.2)

113 (66.1)

101 (27.7)

5.79 (3.87–8.66)

< 0.001

148 (37.0)

90 (66.2)

2.56 (1.80–3.66)

< 0.001

Missing

–

7 (4.1)

–

–

–

7 (1.8)

–

–

–

MDW

Low

381 (71.1)

72 (42.1)

309 (84.7)

1.00 (−)

–

266 (66.5)

65 (47.8)

1.00 (−)

–

High

151 (28.2)

98 (57.3)

53 (14.5)

7.94 (5.21–12.09)

< 0.001

132 (33.0)

69 (50.7)

1.76 (1.25–2.47)

< 0.01

Missing

4 (0.7)

1 (0.6)

3 (0.8)

–

–

2 (0.5)

2 (1.5)

–

–

Saturation %

High

284 (53.0)

148 (86.5)

136 (37.3)

1.00 (−)

–

255 (63.7)

29 (21.3)

1.00 (−)

Low

247 (46.1)

21 (12.3)

226 (61.9)

11.71 (7.07–19.39)

< 0.001

141 (35.2)

106 (77.9)

4.83 (3.20–7.28)

< 0.001

Missing

5 (0.9)

2 (1.2)

3 (0.8)

–

–

4 (1.0)

1 (0.7)

–

–

D-dimer mg/L

Low

289 (53.9)

36 (21.1)

253 (69.3)

1.00 (−)

–

282 (70.5)

35 (25.7)

1.00 (−)

–

High

232 (43.3)

121 (70.8)

111 (30.4)

7.66 (4.96–11.82)

< 0.001

104 (26.0)

100 (73.5)

5.71 (3.88–8.39)

< 0.001

Missing

15 (2.8)

14 (8.2)

1 (0.3)

–

–

14 (3.5)

1 (0.7)

–

–

Prothrombin Time %

High

165 (30.8)

87 (50.9)

78 (21.4)

1.00 (−)

–

324 (81.0)

86 (63.2)

1.00 (−)

–

Low

367 (68.5)

80 (46.8)

287 (78.6)

4.00 (2.70–5.93)

< 0.001

72 (18.0)

50 (36.8)

2.17 (1.53–3.07)

< 0.001

Missing

4 (0.7)

4 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

–

–

4 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

CRP mg/L

Low

336 (62.7)

40 (23.4)

296 (81.1)

1.00 (−)

–

237 (59.2)

33 (24.3)

1.00 (−)

–

High

200 (37.3)

131 (76.6)

69 (18.9)

14.05 (9.04–21.82)

< 0.001

163 (40.8)

103 (75.7)

3.64 (2.46–5.40)

< 0.001

Lymphocytes x10³μL

High

297 (55.4)

137 (80.1)

160 (43.8)

1.00 (−)

–

313 (78.2)

70 (51.5)

1.00 (−)

Low

239 (44.6)

34 (19.9)

205 (56.2)

5.16 (3.36–7.93)

< 0.001

87 (21.8)

66 (48.5)

2.71 (1.93–3.79)

< 0.001