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Table 3 Incident Rate Ratios and effectiveness estimates for outcomes in the Intention-to-Treat (ITT) and As-Treated analyses

From: Effectiveness of a targeted telephone-based case management service on activity in an Emergency Department in the UK: a pragmatic difference-in-differences evaluation

Outcomes

Incidence Rate Ratio (95%CI)

Effectiveness, % (95%CI)

Intention-to-Treat

As-Treated

Intention-to-Treat

As-Treated

ED and MUI attendances (counts)

0.923 (0.687, 1.240)

0.980 (0.750, 1.280)

7.7 (31.3, -24.0)

2.0 (25.0, -28.0)

ED attendances (counts)

0.856 (0.631, 1.160)

0.918 (0.697, 1.210)

14.4 (36.9, -16.0)

8.2 (30.3, -21.0)

MIU attendances (counts)

2.638 (1.041, 6.680)*

2.093 (0.932, 4.698)

-163.8 (-4.1, -568.0)

-109.3 (6.8, -369.8)

ED admissions (counts)

0.871 (0.628, 1.208)

0.884 (0.657, 1.189)

12.9 (37.2, -20.8)

11.6 (34.3, -18.9)

ED admissions (emergency) LOS (days)

0.844 (0.619, 1.151)

0.870 (0.657, 1.153)

15.6 (38.1, -15.1)

13.0 (34.3, -15.3)

ED admissions (elective) LOS (days)

0.781 (0.420, 1.454)

0.702 (0.401, 1.229)

21.9 (58.0, -45.4)

29.8 (59.9, -22.9)

  1. Key: ED Emergency Department, MIU Minor Injuries Unit, LOS Length of stay; * = statistically significant at 5% level