Use of hospitals in the New York City Metropolitan Region, by race: how separate? How equal in resources and quality?

Table 4 Spearman’s correlation coefficients between proportion of race and ethnicity groups and measures of structure and quality of the hospital

	Overall hospital ranking (n = 65)	ICU% (n = 70)	Total expenses per hospital bed (n = 81)	Essential professional services (n = 71)	Essential diagnostic, treatment and imaging (n = 71)	Proportion of patients with dual Medicare Medicaid enrollment
Minorities%	-0.55 (p < 0.001)	0.06 (p = 0.62)	0.07 (p = 0.51)	0.13 (p = 26)	0.03 (p = 0.82)	0.91 (p < 0.0001)
Non-Hispanic Black	-0.57 (p < 0.0001)	0.01 (p = 0.92)	-0.04 (p = 0.71)	0.16 (p = 0.19)	0.05 (p = 0.67)	0.80 (p < 0.0001)
Hispanic	-0.40 (p = 0.001)	0.06 (p = 0.63)	0.12 (p = 0.27)	0.18 (p = 0.14)	0.06 (p = 0.61)	0.84 (p < 0.0001)
Asian/Pacific Islander, Alaskan Native/American Indian	0.01 (p = 0.96)	0.10 (p = 0.43)	0.31 (p = 0.005)	0.10 (p = 0.39)	0.13 (p = 0.27)	0.27 (p < 0.0001)
Non-Hispanic White	0.55 (p < 0.0001)	-0.06 (p = 0.62)	-0.07 (p = 0.51)	-0.13 (p = 26)	-0.03 (p = 0.82)	-0.91 (p < 0.0001)

Minorities are the sum of non-Hispanic Black, Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islander, Alaskan Native/American Indian, and other race/ethnicity groups that are not non-Hispanic White. The sum of NHW and minorities equals to one
“Essential professional services” is defined as the total number of the following 7 services: Emergency Department, Adult cardiology services, Neurological services, Oncology services, Orthopedic services, Psychiatric child/adolescent services, and Palliative Care Program. “Essential diagnostic, treatment and imaging” was defined as the total number of the following 9 items: Adult diagnostic catheterization, Adult interventional cardiac catheterization, Adult cardiac electrophysiology, Hemodialysis, Optical Colonoscopy, Endoscopic ultrasound, Computed-tomography (CT) scanner, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Ultrasound

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