Table 3 Risk factors associated with personal protective equipment (PPE)-induced headache corrected for age and gender
Risk factor | Odds ratio | p value | 95% C.I |
|---|---|---|---|
Discomfort/pressure while using PPE | 12.11 | < 0.001 | 8.88; 16.53 |
Heat stress | 2.23 | < 0.001 | 1.80; 2.76 |
Skin conditions | 1.65 | < 0.001 | 1.34; 2.05 |
Average PPE use duration: (reference 1–3 h) | 0.003 | ||
4–6 h | 1.49 | 0.001 | 1.18; 1.87 |
7–9 h | 1.13 | 0.516 | 0.79; 1.62 |
10–12 h | 2.18 | 0.012 | 1.19; 3.99 |
> 12 h | 1.49 | 0.217 | 0.79; 2.80 |
Headache before PPE use | 1.21 | 0.073 | 0.98; 1.48 |
Female gender | 1.79 | < 0.001 | 1.29; 2.49 |
Age (reference 18–29 years old) | < 0.001 | ||
30–44 years old | 0.68 | 0.004 | 0.52; 0.89 |
45–59 years old | 0.47 | < 0.001 | 0.36; 0.61 |
≥ 60 years old | 0.25 | < 0.001 | 0.17; 0.38 |