Hospitals during economic crisis: a systematic review based on resilience system capacities framework

Table 4 Absorptive Service delivery policies against the economic crisis

Health system building block	Themes	Sub-themes	Countries and their frequency
Service Delivery	Explicit Rationing	Exclusion of some hospital services from basic package	Netherland [10], Denmark [10]
	Implicit Rationing	Increasing waiting time	Estonia [10], Denmark [10], United States [80] Costa Rica [27], England [32]
	Implicit Rationing	Increasing or introducing co-payments	Cyprus [29], Czech Republic, France, Ireland, Romania, Netherlands, and Italy [10]
	Increase revenue-generating services	Increasing ambulatory services	United States [87]
	Increase revenue-generating services	Change the use of hospital beds (from not-profitable to profitable)	United States [93, 94],
	Reducing Services Costs	Reducing and managing patients Length of Stay	Cuba [28], China [26]
	Reducing Services Costs	Decreasing compliance with service standards	United States [80]

ISSN: 1472-6963