Table 6 Logistic regression showing factors associated with poor health system responsiveness

Variable

Autonomy

Communication

Confidentiality

Choice

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

Age

  \(\ge 60\) years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  40–59 years

1.11 (0.63–1.95)

0.60 (0.32–1.04)

1.03 (0.54–1.97)

0.76 (0.42–1.36)

  25–39 years

1.10 (0.64–1.88)

0.92 (0.53–1.58)

1.09 (0.59–2.00)

0.87 (0.50–1.51)

  18–24 years

0.99 (0.53–1.87)

1.02 (0.54–1.94)

1.52 (0.76–3.07)

1.30 (0.68–2.48)

Gender

  Female

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Male

0.89 (0.63–1.25)

0.95 (0.68–1.34)

1.17 (0.80–1.70)

1.13 (0.80–1.61)

Marital status

  Married/cohabiting

NA

Ref

Ref

NA

  Single/Formally married

1.17 (0.79–1.75)

1.40 (092–2.12)

Education

  Tertiary

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Secondary

0.96 (0.69–1.37)

1.04 (0.73–1.50)

1.36 (0.90– 2.04)

0.89 (0.61–1.29)

  Primary

1.51 (0.90–2.50)

1.98 (1.18– 3.33)*

1.18 (0.66–2.11)

1.39 (0.83– 2.34)

  Non-formal

1.65 (0.84–3.22)

3.62 (1.73–7.57)*

0.93 (0.43–2.01)

1.46 (0.74–2.87)

Wealth Index

  Rich

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Middle

1.32 (0.91–1.92)

1.11 (0.77–1.61)

1.21 (0.80– 1.84)

1.61 (1.09–2.37)*

  Poor

1.78 (1.20–2.66)*

1.37 (0.92–2.05)

1.29 (0.83–2.00)

1.93 (1.28–2.92)*

Ownership of Facility

  Private

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Government

1.31 (0.95–1.81)

1.15 (0.83–1.60)

1.08 (0.75–1.56)

1.44 (1.02–2.02)*

Place of residence

  Urban

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Rural

0.95 (0.67–1.24)

1.09 (0.79–1.51)

0.80 (0.56–1.13)

1.45 (1.04 − 2.01)*

Self-rated health status

  Good health

NA

NA

NA

NA

  Poor health

Level of health facility

  Tertiary facility

NA

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Secondary facility

1.34 (0.67–2.72)

0.90(0.43–1.88)

1.35 (0.66–2.74)

  Primary facility

1.04 (0.52–2.09)

0.92 (0.44–1.93)

0.99 (0.48–2.02)

Usual place of care

  Yes

NA

NA

NA

NA

  No

  Variable

Dignity

Prompt Attention

Quality of amenities

Overall responsiveness

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

Age

\(\ge 60\)years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  40–59 years

1.13 (0.62–2.05)

0.91 (0.52–1.60)

1.45 (0.80–2.65)

0.69 (0.38–1.25)

  25–39 years

1.03 (0.59–1.82)

1.20 (0.70–2.06)

1.47 (0.80–2.60)

1.03 (0.59–1.80)

  18–24 years

1.90 (0.99–3.66)

1.42 (0.75–2.69)

1.25 (0.63–2.40)

1.43 (0.73–2.80)

Gender

  Female

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Male

0.87 (0.61–1.25)

1.03 (0.73–1.44)

1.04 (0.74–1.48)

0.87 (0.61–1.23)

Marital status

  Married/cohabiting

NA

NA

NA

Ref

  Single/formerly married

1.16 (0.77–1.75)

Education

  Tertiary

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Secondary

1.14 (0.77–1.68)

1.02 (0.71–1.46)

0.59 (0.29– 1.20)

1.22 (0.84–1.75)

  Primary

1.41 (0.83– 2.41)

1.22 (0.73–2.05)

0.97 (0.57–1.64)

2.19 (1.28–3.75) *

  Non-formal

2.13 (1.08–4.21)*

1.23 (0.62–2.42)

1.02 (0.71– 1.49)

2.81 (1.35–5.86) *

Wealth Index

  Rich

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Middle

1.47 (0.98–2.18)

0.97 (0.67–1.41)

1.51 (1.03–2.23)*

1.36 (0.94–1.99)

  Poor

1.67 (1.10–2.54)*

1.51 (1.01–2.25)*

1.53 (1.02– 2.31)*

1.86 (1.23–2.80)*

Ownership of Facility

  Private

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Government

1.75 (1.23–2.49)*

1.46 (1.06–2.02)*

2.16 (1.54–3.04)*

1.56 (1.11–2.19)*

Place of residence

  Urban

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Rural

0.76 (0.55–1.04)

0.76 (0.56–1.03)

1.84 (1.35–2.52)*

1.15 (0.83–1.59)

Self-rated health status

  Good health

NA

NA

NA

Ref

  Poor health

1.03 (0.56–1.91)

Level of health facility

  Tertiary facility

NA

NA

NA

Ref

  Secondary facility

1.14 (0.56–2.31)

  Primary facility

1.26 (0.62–2.55)

Usual place of care

  Yes

Ref

Ref

NA

Ref

  No

1.60 (1.08–2.37)*

1.62 (1.09–2.40)*

1.69 (1.13–2.53)*