Table 4 Estimated effects of medical migration on expenditure and health outcomes of patients with CKD by insurance type
Variable | Coefficient | Standard Error | T-statistics | P-value | Obs (migrant) | Obs (non-migrant) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pane A: UBMI | ||||||
 Expenditure (log) | 0.2217 | 0.0027 | 82.25 | < 0.001 | 178,874 | 785,942 |
 Mortality rate | −0.0023 | 0.0002 | −12.01 | < 0.001 | 178,874 | 785,942 |
 Length of hospital stay | −0.5967 | 0.0352 | −16.95 | < 0.001 | 178,874 | 785,942 |
Panel B: NRCMC | ||||||
 Expenditure (log) | 0.2500 | 0.0028 | 89.66 | < 0.001 | 228,033 | 540,514 |
 Mortality rate | −0.0025 | 0.0002 | −12.95 | < 0.001 | 228,033 | 540,514 |
 Length of hospital stay | −0.6270 | 0.0392 | −15.99 | < 0.001 | 228,033 | 540,514 |
Panel C: Commercial Health Insurance | ||||||
 Expenditure (log) | 0.2928 | 0.0035 | 83.65 | < 0.001 | 185,683 | 378,309 |
 Mortality rate | −0.0023 | 0.0002 | −11.47 | < 0.001 | 185,683 | 378,309 |
 Length of hospital stay | −0.2307 | 0.0409 | - 5.64 | < 0.001 | 185,683 | 378,309 |
Panel D: Self-payment | ||||||
 Expenditure (log) | 0.3522 | 0.0038 | 92.44 | < 0.001 | 217,479 | 298,083 |
 Mortality rate | −0.0026 | 0.0002 | −13.27 | < 0.001 | 217,479 | 298,083 |
 Length of hospital stay | −0.0979 | 0.0484 | −2.02 | 0.043 | 217,479 | 298,083 |