Table 1 Emergency obstetrics and newborn care (EmONC) signal functions

(1) Administer parenteral antibiotics

(2) Administer uterotonic drugs (i.e., parenteral oxytocin)

(3) Administer parenteral anticonvulsants for preeclampsia and eclampsia (i.e., magnesium sulphate)

(4) Manually remove the placenta

(5) Remove retained products of conception (e.g., manual vacuum aspirations, misoprostol for medical evacuation)

(6) Perform assisted vaginal delivery (e.g., vacuum extraction, forceps delivery)

(7) Perform basic neonatal resuscitation (e.g., with bag and mask)

CEmOC signal functions

Perform all seven components of BEmOC, plus the following:

(8) Caesarean section

(9) Blood transfusion