What fragile factors hinder the pace of China’s alleviation efforts of the poverty-stricken population? A study from the perspective of impoverishment caused by medical expenses

Table 5 Determinants of medical impoverishment

	OR	95%CI		P-value
	OR	Lower	Upper	P-value
Economics quintile (Ref: Quintile 5)
Quintile 1	12.83	10.91	15.09	< 0.001
Quintile 2	15.05	12.85	17.63	< 0.001
Quintile 3	2.42	2.04	2.88	< 0.001
Quintile 4	1.07	0.87	1.31	0.520
Household size (Ref: ≥5)
≤ 2.	2.05	1.85	2.28	< 0.001
3–4	1.31	1.19	1.45	< 0.001
HH Marital status (Ref: Married)
Others	0.87	0.80	0.95	0.204
Gender of householder (Ref: Female)
Male	1.05	0.974	1.131	< 0.001
Educational level of the head of household (Ref: Junior college and above)
Illiterate	1.92	1.56	2.37	< 0.001
Primary school	1.83	1.50	2.24	< 0.001
Junior high school	1.76	1.44	2.15	< 0.001
senior high school & & technical school& technical secondary school	1.70	1.38	2.11	< 0.001
Employment status of the head of household (Ref: unemployed and students)
Employed	0.76	0.71	0.82	< 0.001
Retired	0.96	0.84	1.10	0.590
Medical insurance of the head of household (Ref: UE-BMI)
UR-BMI	1.68	1.48	1.97	< 0.001
NCMS	1.84	1.59	2.13	< 0.001
IBMIUR	1.64	1.40	1.93	< 0.001
Mixture of schemes	1.43	1.16	1.76	< 0.001
Other types and none	1.39	1.09	1.77	0.001
Members with chronic diseases (Ref: ≥2)
0	0.61	0.55	0.67	< 0.001
1	0.87	0.80	0.95	< 0.001
Inpatient members (Ref: ≥2)
0	0.25	0.21	0.29	< 0.001
1	0.70	0.60	0.81	< 0.001
Whether a member went to a clinic (Ref: No)
Yes	0.76	0.71	0.81	< 0.001
Members should have been hospitalized but were not (Ref: No)
Yes	0.63	0.57	0.70	< 0.001
Members should have seen a doctor but did not (Ref: No)
Yes	0.81	0.75	0.87	< 0.001

ISSN: 1472-6963