Table 5 Main effect by two-way ANOVA between labor ward
Labor ward 1 n = 54 | Labor ward 2 n = 72 | Labor ward 3 n = 52 | F | P value | Tukey’s HSD | Effect size5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
S-Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture | |||||||
Unit level dimensions | |||||||
Communication openness1 | 3.6 (.60) | 3.7 (.65) | 3.9 (.61) | F(2,164) = 2.39 | .095 | ||
Feedback and communication about error1 | 3.5 (.67) | 4.0 (.70) | 3.9 (.67) | F(2,164) = 9.07 | .000 | 2 > 1 (p = .001) 3 > 1 (p = .008) | .10 |
Nonpunitive response to error2 | 3.6 (.74) | 3.9 (.76) | 3.7 (.80) | F(2,164) = 4.01 | .020 | 2 > 1 (p = .014) | .05 |
Organizational learning – continuous improvement2 | 3.4 (.55) | 3.7 (.64) | 3.8 (.60) | F(2,164) = 8.97 | .000 | 2 > 1 (p = .001) 3 > 1 (p = .001) | .10 |
Staffing2 | 3.1 (.78) | 3.3 (1.05) | 3.3 (.81) | F(2,165) = 1.13 | .326 | ||
Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety2 | 3.7 (.68) | 3.6 (.93) | 4.0 (.67) | F(2,164) = 2.28 | .106 | ||
Teamwork within units2 | 4.2 (.48) | 4.3 (.63) | 4.3 (.42) | F(2,165) = 3.57 | .031 | Not significant | |
Information and support to patients and family who have suffered an adverse event2 | 3.9 (.64) | 4.0 (.63) | 3.9 (.63) | F(2,165) = 4.45 | .013 | Not significant | |
Information and support to staff who have been involved in an adverse event2 | 3.5 (.93) | 3.7 (.87) | 3.8 (.87) | F(2,164) = 2.18 | .116 | ||
Hospital level dimensions | |||||||
Handoffs and transitions2 | 3.4 (.71) | 3.9 (.58) | 3.6 (.73) | F(2,166) = 4.62 | .0114 | ||
Management support for patient safety2 | 3.2 (.72) | 2.8 (.87) | 2.9 (.87) | F(2,165) = 2.71 | .069 | ||
Teamwork across units2 | 3.5 (.58) | 3.3 (.75) | 3.7 (.66) | F(2,166) = 5.22 | .0064 | 3 > 2 (p = .002) | .06 |
Outcome dimensions | |||||||
Frequency of events reported1 | 3.1 (.74) | 3.3 (.88) | 3.3 (.82) | F(2,163) = 1.71 | .185 | ||
Overall perceptions of patient safety2 | 3.7 (.71) | 3.8 (.79) | 3.8 (.58) | F(2,165) = .59 | .555 | ||
TeamSTEPPS® Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire | n = 57 | n = 71 | n = 55 | ||||
Team Structure3 | 3.8 (.69) | 4.1 (.75) | 3.9 (.59) | F(2,168) = 3.07 | .049 | 2 > 1 (p = .011) | .04 |
Leadership3 | 3.4 (.76) | 3.5 (1.03) | 4.1 (.74) | F(2,168) = 8.67 | .0004 | 3 > 1 (p = .000) 3 > 2 (p = .001) | .09 |
Situation monitoring3 | 3.9 (.59) | 4.1 (.66) | 3.7 (.54) | F(2,167) = 4.87 | .009 | 2 > 3 (p = .003) | .06 |
Mutual support3 | 3.7 (.64) | 3.9 (.76) | 3.8 (.53) | F(2,167) = 2.68 | .072 | ||
Communication3 | 3.8 (.65) | 4.1 (.59) | 3.8 (.56) | F(2,168) = 4.68 | .011 | 2 > 1 (p = .006) 2 > 3 (p = .007) | .05 |