Table 3 Model parameters for the cost of screening, treatment and other health and social care costs
Parameter | Cost (£) | Source | Distribution | Standard error | 95% CI | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCREENING | ||||||
Whooley | 4.53 | Department of Health 2015/6 [42] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 1.87–7.19 | Based on 1.71 minutes to screen (Littlewood et al., 2018) [25] with a midwife costing £2.65 per minute (£53 per midwife appointment, average of 20 minutes per appointment, based on clinical opinion). |
EPDS | 9.38 | Department of Health 2015/6 [42] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 3.86–14.90 | Based on 3.54 minutes to screen (Littlewood et al., 2018) [25] with a midwife costing £2.65 per minute (£53 per midwife appointment, average of 20 minutes per appointment, based on clinical opinion). |
Whooley-EPDS | 5.37 | Department of Health 2015/6 [42] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 2.21–8.53 | Weighted cost based on the above – cost of Whooley screen for those who screen Whooley negative and cost of Whooley screen plus EPDS screen for those who screen Whooley positive, with proportions taken from the screening data in Table 1. |
No-screening | 7.95 | Department of Health 2015/6 [42] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 3.28–12.62 | Based on 3 minutes with a midwife (expert opinion that without a screening tool the midwife has a conversation about mental health of around 1–5 minutes).a |
TREATMENT | ||||||
Facilitated self-help | 759 | Radhakrishnan et al., 2013 [43] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 312.71–1205.29 | Based on seven face-to-face sessions (NICE, 2014) [17], at £98.59 per session (Radhakrishnan et al., 2013 [43]) based on 2009/10 prices, inflated to 2015/16 prices (Curtis and Burns, 2018 [44]). |
High-intensity psychological intervention | 3114 | Radhakrishnan et al., 2013 [43] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 1282.97–4945.03 | Based on 16 sessions (NICE, 2014) [17], at £176.97 per session (Radhakrishnan et al., 2013 [43]) based on 2009/10 prices, inflated to 2015/16 prices (Curtis and Burns, 2018 [44]). |
OTHER HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE | ||||||
True positive who do not respond to treatment | 2005 | Petrou et al., 2002 [45] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 826.06–3183.94 | £2419 for women with depression over 18 months in 2000 prices inflated to 2015/16 prices (Curtis and Burns, 2018 [44]), and interpolated to 9 months. |
True positive who respond to treatment | 1680 | Petrou et al., 2002 [45] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 692.16–2667.84 | £2027 for women without depression over 18 months in 2000 prices inflated to 2015/16 prices (Curtis and Burns, 2018 [44]), and interpolated to 9 months. |
True negative | 1680 | Petrou et al., 2002 [45] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 692.16–2667.84 | £2027 for women without depression over 18 months in 2000 prices inflated to 2015/16 prices (Curtis and Burns, 2018 [44]), and interpolated to 9 months. |
False negative | 2005 | Petrou et al., 2002 [45] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 826.06–3183.94 | £2419 for women with depression over 18 months in 2000 prices inflated to 2015/16 prices (Curtis and Burns, 2018 [44]), and interpolated to 9 months. |
False positive | 1680 | Petrou et al., 2002 [45] | Gamma | Assumed to be 30% of the mean value | 692.16–2667.84 | £2027 for women without depression over 18 months in 2000 prices inflated to 2015/16 prices (Curtis and Burns, 2018 [44]), and interpolated to 9 months. |