Economic evaluation of community-based falls prevention interventions for older populations: a systematic methodological overview of systematic reviews

Kwon, Joseph; Squires, Hazel; Franklin, Matthew; Lee, Yujin; Young, Tracey

doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07764-2

Table 3 Data fields extracted by previous systematic reviews of community-based falls prevention economic evaluations¹

From: Economic evaluation of community-based falls prevention interventions for older populations: a systematic methodological overview of systematic reviews

Data fields	Systematic reviews
Data fields	RCN [17]	Davis [30]	DJ [34]	PHE [31]	Olij [32]	Huter [35]	Winser [33]
*(A) Setting, population and evaluation framework*
Author(s) and publication year	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟
Country/region	˟	˟		˟	˟		˟
Study design (e.g., model, RCT)	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
TP/sample residence	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
TP/sample age and sex	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
Type of analysis (e.g., CUA)		˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟
Perspective (e.g., societal)		˟	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟
Time horizon/Follow-up period		˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
Discount rates		˟		˟	˟		˟
Number of fields	5	9	7	9	9	3	9
*(B) Falls epidemiology*
TP/sample falls risk factor(s)		˟		˟	˟		˟
Baseline falls risk estimates					˟
Main health event (e.g., fall type)	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
Health utility instrument					˟		˟
Wider (e.g., non-health) outcomes						˟
Health and social care consequence types		a	˟		˟		˟
Societal consequence types		a	˟		˟	˟	˟
All-cause/comorbidity costs		a				˟
Cost measurement method in RCT					˟
Number of fields	1	5	3	2	7	3	5
*(C) Falls prevention intervention*
Intervention type	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
Primary vs. secondary prevention				˟
Intervention components		˟		˟	˟		˟
Intervention duration		˟		˟			˟
Exercise intervention dosage							˟
Professional staff involved		˟		˟			˟
Comparator		˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
Participant recruitment method/setting		˟		˟			˟
Falls risk identification method				˟
Intervention resource use		˟		˟			˟
Intervention cost		b	˟	˟			˟
Societal intervention resource/cost						˟	˟
Intervention fall-related efficacy		˟		˟			˟
Intervention study sample size		˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
Number of fields	1	10	4	12	4	1	12
*(D) Decision model features*
Model type			˟	˟	˟
Model data sources			˟	˟
Characterising baseline falls risk estimates					˟
Number of fields	0	0	2	2	2	0	0
*(E) Evaluation methods and results*
Cost-per-unit ratio (e.g., ICER)	˟	˟	˟	˟	˟		˟
Aggregate cost and health outcomes²		˟		˟			˟
Original currency type		˟	˟				˟
Converted results into same currency		˟	˟		˟
Subgroup/targeting methods/results		˟		˟	˟		˟
Handling parameter uncertainty³		˟		˟	˟		˟
Scenario analysis methods/results⁴				˟
Equity analysis methods/results				˟
Number of fields	1	6	3	6	4	0	5
*(F) Discussions by evaluation authors*
Generalisability and policy implementation			˟	˟
Strengths and limitations			˟	˟		˟
Number of fields	0	0	2	2	0	1	0
Total number of fields	8	30	21	33	26	8	31

Abbreviation: CUA cost-utility analysis, DJ Dubas-Jakobczyk, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, PHE Public Health England, RCN Royal College of Nursing, RCT randomized controlled trial, TP target population
¹This table does not account for data fields extracted by reviews for applying a quality assessment checklist
²Includes outcomes such as total intervention cost and total number of falls prevented
³ncludes one-/two-way deterministic sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis
⁴Analysis of alternative modelling assumptions: e.g., whether fear of falling exerts a health utility decrement
^aDistinguished between fall-related and all-cause care cost and reported detailed list: emergency department; hospitalization; outpatient visit; GP visit; district nurse visit; home care; equipment; meal-on-wheel; day care centre; residential care; nursing home; patient and caregiver’s cost (out-of-pocket expenditure, time cost)
^bReported detailed list of intervention resources for costing: recruitment; marketing; printing; development; administration; overheads; staff labour; staff transport; training; equipment; home modification; specialist service (e.g., cataract operation); comparator intervention resource/cost

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ISSN: 1472-6963

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