Fig. 1.

Prevalence of SAD indicators by facility type. HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; PHC = primary health center; PLHIV = people living with HIV; SAD = stigma and discrimination. Fear of HIV transmission: how worry staff are with the prospect of HIV transmission when caring for PLHIV; perceived negative image of PLHIV: unfounded beliefs, presumptions of negative behaviors of PLHIV; avoidance of service duties: omission, neglect to provide services for HIV key populations if such an option becomes feasible; discriminatory practice: unnecessary preventive measures taken when caring for PLHIV