Table 2 Characteristics of the terrorist attacks and the health systems in Norway, France and Belgium. References are reported in the results
From: Psychosocial care responses to terrorist attacks: a country case study of Norway, France and Belgium
| Â | Norway | France | Belgium |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics of the terrorist attacks | Oslo and Utøya attacks 22 July 2011 | Paris attacks 13 November 2015 | Brussels attacks 22 March 2016 |
Total number of fatalities (except perpetrators) | 77 | 130 | 32 |
Number of fatalities in children (<  18 years old) | 33 | 1 | 0 |
Reported number of physically injureda | 172 | 493 | 340 |
Type of attack(s) and location(s) | - Bombing at government quarter in city centre (8 deaths). | - Suicide bombings outside football stadium (1 death). | - Two suicide bombings at airport (12 deaths). |
- Shooting at youth Labor party camp on small island (69 deaths). | - Hostage, shooting and suicide bombings at theatre concert (90 deaths). | - One suicide bombing at metro station in city centre (20 deaths). | |
| Â | - Shootings and suicide bombings at bars/restaurants in four locations (39 deaths). | Â | |
Characteristics of the health systems | Â | Â | Â |
Expenditure funded by public sources | 85% | 77% | 77% |
General practitioners (GPs) and gatekeeping of specialized mental health services | Gatekeeping system: The GPs are important providers of mental care and refer patients to specialized care when necessary. If patients consult a psychiatrist or psychologist without referral, they must pay full fees. Since a reform in 2001, over 99% of the population had a regular GP. | Semi-gatekeeping system: Provides incentives to consult a regular GP before a specialist. Patients who consult a psychiatrist without referral must pay a larger part of but not the entire fees. A study in 2007 indicated that 83% of the population had a regular GP. | No gatekeeping system: GPs do not serve as gatekeepers. Incentives have been made to promote their role in healthcare, e.g. increased reimbursement for first visit to a psychiatrist, and only reimbursement of psychologist consultation if referred by a GP or other physician. In a national health survey in 2008, almost 95% reported having a regular GP. |
Main responsibility of organizing post-disaster psychosocial care | Local municipalities | Regional health agencies | Split responsibility: Federal authorities in the acute and local authorities in the post-acute phase |