Table 2 Client-reported RMC and mistreatment during childbirth in three hospitals

Respectful Care (Positive Care Attributes)

 Was allowed to have desired companion in labor^a1

25 (69.4)

1 (1.5)

1(2.8)

27 (19.3)

p = .001

 Was allowed to have desired companion during delivery^a2

16 (44.4)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.8)

17 (12.1)

p = .009

 Was covered with a cloth or blanket so did not feel exposed^a

23 (63.9)

49 (72.1)

14 (38.9)

86 (61.4)

p = .020

 Health worker treated her with respect^a

34 (94.4)

52 (76.5)

27 (75.0)

113 (80.7)

p = .052

 Staff were kind and friendly

28 (77.8)

43 (63.2)

17 (47.2)

88 (62.9)

p = .255

 Staff helped manage pain

30 (83.3)

49 (72.1)

31 (86.1)

110 (78.6)

p = .425

 Health workers did everything they could to help her be more comfortable

32 (88.9)

53 (77.9)

31 (86.1)

116 (82.9)

p = .609

 Health workers took the best care of her in the way that they could^a

30 (83.3)

58 (85.3)

31 (86.1)

119 (85.0)

p = .978

 Health workers paid attention if she asked for help^a

29 (80.6)

36 (52.9)

25 (69.4)

90 (64.3)

p = .057

 Health workers spoke to you in a language that you speak^a

31 (86.1)

66 (97.1)

35 (97.2)

132 (94.3)

P = .617

 Health workers provided explanations for exams or procedures or why they gave you medicine

18 (50.0)

39 (57.4)

27 (75.0)

84 (60.0)

p = .163

 Health workers asked for consent before doing exams, procedures, or giving medicine^a

15 (41.7)

55 (80.9)

29 (80.6)

99 (70.7)

p = .002

 Health workers explained what was happening and what to expect^a

25 (69.4)

10 (14.7)

13 (36.1)

48 (34.3)

p = .001

 She felt she could ask questions about her care^a

26 (72.2)

38 (55.9)

26 (72.2)

90 (64.3)

p < .001

 Mean positive score (SD)

10.2 (2.5)

8.5 (3.2)

10.1 (3.5)

9.4 (3.2)

p = 0.817

Mistreatment (Negative Care Attributes)

 She was treated roughly physically by health providers^a

1 (2.8)

1 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.4)

p = .980

 She experienced verbal abuse (shouting, insulting, scolding, being made fun of) ^a

4 (11.1)

21 (30.9)

5 (13.9)

30 (21.4)

p = .169

 She was restrained so she couldn’t move

1 (2.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.7)

p = .970

 Health workers asked for money or informal payment for better care

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

p = 1.000

 Downward pressure placed on her abdomen before baby was born

8 (22.2)

2 (2.9)

12 (33.3)

22 (15.7)

p = .029

 Staff said she or her baby would not be healthy if she did not comply

2 (5.6)

4 (5.9)

2 (5.6)

8 (5.7)

p = .994

 Health worker or staff made negative comments about her sexual activity

1 (2.8)

1 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.4)

p = .980

 She was sexually harassed or was touched inappropriately

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

p = 1.000

 Health workers discussed her private information so that others could hear^a

1 (2.8)

22 (32.5)

1 (2.8)

24 (17.1)

p = .010

 She gave birth without a health worker helping her

1 (2.8)

1 (1.5)

2 (5.6)

4 (2.9)

p = .943

 Mean negative score (SD)

0.72 (1.6)

0.98 (0.80)

0.64 (0.80)

0.83 (1.22)

p = .698