Table 1 Themes and sub-themes that emerged

1. Socio-cultural beliefs and practices

1.1 Cultural and spiritual beliefs about certain childhood diseases

1.2 Beliefs and practices affect child healthcare services

1.3 Male partner dominance

2. Language barrier

2.1 Challenges with language barrier

2.2 Negative impact of language barrier on nurse-caregiver relationship

2.3 Strategies to overcome language barrier

3. Reliance of caregivers on self-medication

3.1 Caregivers’ perspective

3.2 Nurses’ perspective