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Table 1 Sample of an observation data analysis in this study

From: Patient-physician communication in the emergency department in Taiwan: physicians’ perspectives

Communication behavior of RIAS

Summarized meanings of the study sample

Themes

Sub-themes

Meaning units

Data gathering

Open-ended questions

medical condition and therapeutic regimen

Where else do you feel pain apart from this side? (H-84-F)

lifestyle and social psychological

What kind of fruit do you usually eat? How much do you eat? (P-65-F)

Closed-ended questions

medical condition and therapeutic regimen

Are you allergic to any medications or injections? (L-25-M)

lifestyle and social psychological

Do you rarely drink water? (L-87-M)