Table 2 Direct effects for the empirically derived Model A

Enabling

<---

Predisposing

−0.094

−0.002

0.002

0.225

Need

<---

Enabling

−0.027

−1.030

1.404

0.463

Utilization

<---

Need

0.013

0.027

0.051

0.596

Age of mother

<---

Predisposing

0.810

25.634

3.258

< 0.001

Marital status

<---

Predisposing

0.184

0.545

0.110

< 0.001

Education

<---

Predisposing

0.290

1.140

0.200

< 0.001

Number of children

<---

Predisposing

0.860

8.193

1.262

< 0.001

Sex of child

<---

Predisposing

−0.017

−0.039

0.049

0.435

Alcohol use

<---

Predisposing

0.056

0.118

0.051

0.020

Smoking

<---

Predisposing

0.012

0.008

0.015

0.599

Age of child

<---

Predisposing

0.175

1.000

Wealth index

<---

Enabling

0.650

239.565

160.392

0.135

Urbanization

<---

Enabling

0.721

50.777

34.348

0.139

Improved water sources

<---

Enabling

0.630

51.088

34.539

0.139

Improved sanitation facilities

<---

Enabling

0.022

1.961

2.610

0.452

Insurance

<---

Enabling

0.039

1.000

Had a fever

<---

Need

0.400

0.954

0.067

< 0.001

Coughing

<---

Need

0.791

1.862

0.169

< 0.001

Eating less

<---

Need

0.079

0.210

0.064

0.001

Dyspnea

<---

Need

0.550

1.000

Treatment place

<---

Utilization

1.052

3.943

0.075

< 0.001

ORS use

<---

Utilization

0.372

0.335

0.018

< 0.001

Oral zinc use

<---

Utilization

0.332

0.276

0.017

< 0.001

Seeking advice or treatment

<---

Utilization

0.891

1.000