Table 2 Classification of identified drug-related problems according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation
Drug-related problems (DRPs) detected | 206 |
Patients experiencing DRP (%) | 108 (71.5) |
Cumulative incidence (DRP/patient) | 1.36 |
Incidence density rate (DRP/1000 patient-days) | 89.22 |
Potential or manifest problems | |
P1.2 Effect of drug treatment not optimal | 38 (18.44%) |
P2.1 Adverse drug event occurring | 159 (77.18%) |
P3.1 Problem with cost-effectiveness of the treatment | 5 (2.27%) |
P3.2 Unnecessary drug-treatment | 4 (1.94%) |
DRP causes | |
Drug Selection | 83 (40.29%) |
C1.2 Inappropriate drug (within guidelines but otherwise contra-indicated) | 9 (4.36%) |
C1.4 Inappropriate combination of drugs or drugs and herbal medication | 73 (35.43%) |
C1.5 Inappropriate duplication of therapeutic group or active ingredient | 1 (0.48%) |
Dose Selection | 112 (54.36%) |
C3.1 Drug dose too low | 30 (14.56%) |
C3.2 Drug dose too high | 50 (24.27%) |
C3.3 Dosage regimen not frequent enough | 7 (3.39%) |
C3.4 Dosage regimen too frequent | 21 (10.19%) |
C3.5 Dose timing instructions wrong, unclear or missing | 4 (1.94%) |
Drug use process | 11 (5.33%) |
C6.1 Inappropriate timing of administration and/or dosing intervals | 8 (3.88%) |
Other | 3 (1.45%) |
The planned interventions at prescriber level | |
I1.1 Prescriber informed only | 32 (15.53%) |
I1.3 Intervention proposed to prescriber | 174 (84.46%) |
The planned interventions at drug level | |
I3.1 Drug changed | 12 (5.82%) |
I3.2 Dosage changed | 117 (56.79%) |
I3.4 Instructions for use changed | 10 (4.85%) |
I3.5 Drug stopped | 23 (11.16%) |
I3.6 New drug started | 12 (5.82%) |
Acceptance of the intervention proposals | |
A1.1 Intervention accepted and fully implemented | 158 (90.80%) |
A1.2 Intervention accepted, partially implemented | 5 (2.87%) |
A1.3 Intervention accepted but not implemented | 5 (2.87%) |
A2.1 Intervention not accepted: not feasible | 2 (1.14%) |
A2.2 Intervention not accepted: no agreement | 2 (1.14%) |
A3.1 Intervention proposed, acceptance unknown | 2 (1.14%) |
Outcome of intervention | |
O1.1 Problem totally solved | 165 (80.09%) |
O2.1 Problem partially solved | 17 (8.25%) |
O3.2 Problem not solved, lack of cooperation of prescriber | 6 (2.91%) |
O3.4 No need or possibility to solve problem | 18 (8.73%) |