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Table 4 Frequency of 12 MM KB roles in included studies

From: The roles, activities and impacts of middle managers who function as knowledge brokers to improve care delivery and outcomes in healthcare organizations: a critical interpretive synthesis

MM KB Roles

Study citations

n (%)

Gather data

[39, 44, 47, 48, 54,55,56]

7 (18.4)

Coordinate projects

[39, 47, 48, 56]

4 (10.5)

Disseminate Information

[37, 43, 47, 50, 51, 54, 56,57,58,59]

10 (26.3)

Adjust information to organizational context

[37, 39, 41, 46, 48,49,50, 52, 58, 60, 61]

11 (28.9)

Bridge the evidence-to-practice gap

[39, 43, 47, 54, 58, 62]

6 (15.8)

Facilitate networks

[39, 45, 49, 56, 57, 59,60,61,62,63]

10 (26.3)

Engage stakeholders

[37, 40, 41, 50, 57, 63, 64]

7 (18.4)

Provide tools and resources

[46, 48, 51, 59, 61, 63]

6 (13.2)

Coach staff

[44, 45, 49,50,51,52, 57, 59, 62, 63, 65]

11 (28.9)

Monitor and evaluate

[40, 41, 47,48,49,50,51, 54, 57, 60, 63,64,65,66]

14 (36.8)

Convince others of the need for/benefit of a project

[46,47,48, 50, 51, 55, 58, 61, 64,65,66,67]

12 (31.6)

Function as strategic influencer

[39, 48, 52, 56, 62, 65, 68]

7 (18.4)

  1. NOTE: Roles were counted once per study; some studies reported multiple roles